Difference between revisions of "FOCS Scripting Details"

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This page describes the scripting language used to describe much of the content of FreeOrion.  Scripted content includes scripted descriptions of technology, buildings, and specials.
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This page augments the [[FOCS Scripting Tutorial]] (which should be reviewed first) and describes in more detail the scripting language used to describe much of the content of FreeOrion.  This language is sometimes referred to as the FreeOrion Content Script, or "FOCS".  Scripted content includes scripted descriptions of technology, buildings, and specials. These content files are text files, but some of them include special characters and therefor when editing them a somewhat more advanced editor is necessaryFor example, on Windows, the Notepad and Wordpad editors can cause trouble, but [http://notepad-plus-plus.org/ the third party NotePad++ editor] should be fine.  An added benefit of using NotePad++ is that one of our contributors has made an [http://www.freeorion.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=15&t=7161&hilit=focs+notepad&start=0 add-on to help with the FOCS syntax].
 
+
A major component of content descriptions are effects groups, which contain Effects and ConditionsEffects change the game state and thereby give buildings, techs and specials their in-game purpose. Conditions determine when (the activation condition) and on what (the scope condition) effects act.
+
  
 
=Content Files=
 
=Content Files=
Line 7: Line 5:
 
FreeOrion content is described in content files located in the /default subdirectory of the main FreeOrion game directory (typically 'C:\Freeorion').
 
FreeOrion content is described in content files located in the /default subdirectory of the main FreeOrion game directory (typically 'C:\Freeorion').
  
  File               | Contents
+
  Directory               | Contents
 
  --------------------+--------------------------------------
 
  --------------------+--------------------------------------
  techs.txt          | Tech Categories and Technologies
+
  techs               | Tech Categories and Technologies
  buildings.txt      | Buildings
+
  buildings           | Buildings
  specials.txt        | Specials (general)
+
  specials           | Specials
planet_specials.txt | Specials (randomly placed on planets)
+
  ship_hulls         | Ship Hulls
  ship_hulls.txt      | Ship Hulls
+
  ship_parts         | Ship Parts
  ship_parts.txt      | Ship Parts
+
species            | Species
 +
ship_designs        | Ship Designs
 +
monster_designs    | ShipDesigns to use as space monsters
  
These files are structured as a list of descriptions of individual entries of their respective contents.  buildings.txt is a list of Building descriptions (see below).  specials.txt and planet_specials.txt are a list of special descriptions.  techs.txt contains tech category and tech descriptions.  The ordering of entries in the files do not matter, except for techs.txt, which requires that a particular tech category entries appear before any techs are listed as part of that category.
+
The files in these directories contain descriptions of individual entries of their respective contents.  buildings/ contains files with "BuildingType" descriptions (see below).  specials/ contains "Special" descriptions.  techs/ contains tech category and tech descriptions.  When there are multiple entries in a single file, the ordering of entries in the files do not matter.  Files can be organized into sub-directories as needed, for example ship_parts might contain a directory for weapon entries.
  
Whitespace is unimportant (spaces, tabs, and line endings), and capitalization is ignored for everything outside quotes.
+
The primary building blocks used to specify the above types of FreeOrion content are ValueRefs (value references), Conditions, and EffectsGroups (which contain Effects and Conditions).  Effects change the game state and thereby give buildings, techs and specials their in-game purpose.  Conditions act to filter a starting set of objects to a smaller set (which might sometimes wind up being one or none).  In EffectsGroups Conditions determine if (the activation condition) and on what (the scope condition) effects act.  Conditions also have a few other uses, such as determining where buildings or ship parts or hulls can be produced, and where species focus settings can be used; they are also used within some of the more advanced ValueRefs.  ValueRefs provide values used by the other portions of the script.  Sometimes that might be a simple constant, like three, which the scripter would simply write as "3".  Other times that might be a dynamic value such as the current game turn number, scripted as "CurrentTurn".  In other cases that might be something much more complex, such as the number of monsters within two starlane jumps of a given system; the syntax for such value references is described farther below.
 +
 
 +
=Scripting Format=
 +
 
 +
In FOCS, whitespace (spaces, tabs, and line endings) is only for the visual clarity of the script, and capitalization is ignored for everything outside of quotes.
  
 
Words in quotes, eg. "NAME" are case-sensitive names of scripted content items such as techs, buildings, or specials.  The names of the items are defined in their description by their line:
 
Words in quotes, eg. "NAME" are case-sensitive names of scripted content items such as techs, buildings, or specials.  The names of the items are defined in their description by their line:
Line 26: Line 30:
 
Comments may be added to files using c/c++-style comment blocks.  Anything in such blocks will be ignored when parsing the content files.  Anything after "/*" will be ignored until the next occurrence of "*/" (even if it occurs several lines later), and anything on a line after "//" will be ignored.
 
Comments may be added to files using c/c++-style comment blocks.  Anything in such blocks will be ignored when parsing the content files.  Anything after "/*" will be ignored until the next occurrence of "*/" (even if it occurs several lines later), and anything on a line after "//" will be ignored.
  
=Scripting Format=
+
In the FOCS descriptions below, the fixed portion of the FOCS specifications are in lower case or MixedCase; things written in ALLCAPS are placeholders for scripted subcontent.  That type of any such piece of scripted subcontent below is specified either as a Condition, an Effect, an EffectsGroup, a string, an int (integer), or a double (a "real" number such as 2.4).  In many cases, any such string, int or double can be provided either as a simple constant or as a more complicated scripted ValueRef.  In any situations where a plain constant is required (but not a ValueRef), we endeavor to specify those values as string_constant, int_constant and double_constant.
  
==EffectsGroup==
+
==Specification Components==
 +
There are a number of specification components that are used by multiple different content types, and some that are particular to a specific kind of content.  The more common components are described first below.
 +
 
 +
===ValueRef===
 +
A ValueRef is a type of FOCS construction which gets evaluated to provide a value, and which may reference various objects and which may have conditional aspects; their structure is described in more detail below.  The most common types are string (text) ValueRefs (which generally evaluate to the name of something, such as a species name "SP_HUMAN"), integer ValueRefs (which evaluate to an integer, such as 42), and double ValueRefs (which evaluate to a "double", a programming term for a "real" number, i.e., it may have a decimal point, such as 3.5).  Some ValueRefs may evaluate to a kind of FO-specific value such as a PlanetEnvironment or PlanetSize; it may be helpful to think of these as a string or number for which a limited group of values are acceptable.
 +
 
 +
===Condition===
 +
A FOCS Condition acts as a kind of filter on objects in the FO universe.  Conditions start with a set of objects, and return subsets of this set according to whether the objects meet the criteria of the condition.  Just what that starting set of objects is depends on where the Condition is used, and is discussed more below.  There are many different types of FOCS Conditions, and their structures are also explained further below.
 +
 
 +
===Name Specification===
 +
  name = "NAME"
 +
Param Type:
 +
  NAME    string_constant
 +
When displayed to a user, the name will normally be used as a key/label for which a value will be looked up in a stringtable (to enable translation); the raw FOCS name strings themselves are by convention written in ALL_CAPS_WITH_UNDERSCORES.  They should generally be unique to that particular piece of content-- even if both pieces of content might be suitably translated to the same name in English, that might not be the case for other languages.  As examples, the name of the first refinement of the first tier of short range weapon parts (which is currently called "Mass Driver 1" in English) is specified as
 +
  name = "SR_WEAPON_1_1"
 +
 
 +
===Description Specification===
 +
  description = "DESCRIPTION"
 +
Param Type:
 +
  DESCRIPTION    string_constant
 +
As with the name, the description is normally used as a key/label to be looked up in a stringtable, an example (specifically, for Mass Driver 1), would be
 +
  description = "SR_WEAPON_1_1_DESC"
 +
 
 +
===BuildCost Specification===
 +
    buildcost = BUILDCOST
 +
Param Type:
 +
  BUILDCOST    double (ValueRef)
 +
 
 +
===BuildTime Specification===
 +
    buildtime = BUILDTIME
 +
Param Type:
 +
  BUILDTIME    integer (ValueRef)
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Location Specification===
 +
    location = LOCATION
 +
Param Type:
 +
  LOCATION    Condition
 +
In general, the Location specification constrains where/when the respective content can be built, or in the case of a Focus, be used.  More detail is provided below for the various particular content types that use a Location specification.  For things that can be built, if the item is under construction and the Location condition ceases to evaluate to True, then progress on the construction halts until such time as the Location condition again becomes True.
 +
 
 +
===EnqueueLocation Specification===
 +
    EnqueueLocation = ENQUEUELOCATION
 +
Param Type:
 +
  ENQUEUELOCATION    Condition
 +
The EnqueueLocation condition sets the constraining condition under which the respective content (or a ship design using the content) may be placed on the Build Queue.  If not explicitly specified, the EnqueueLocation condition will default to be the same as the Location condition.  The EnqueueLocation is only evaluated at the time of placing the item on the queue; it need not remain true (and so, for example, may prohibit that the subject content is already enqueued at that location).
 +
 
 +
===EffectsGroup Specification===
  
 
EffectsGroup
 
EffectsGroup
 +
  description = "DESCRIPTION" [optional -- may be left out]
 
   scope = CONDITION
 
   scope = CONDITION
 
   activation = CONDITION [optional -- may be left out]
 
   activation = CONDITION [optional -- may be left out]
 
   stackinggroup = "STACKINGGROUP" [optional -- may be left out]
 
   stackinggroup = "STACKINGGROUP" [optional -- may be left out]
 +
  accountinglabel = "ACCOUNTINGLABEL" [optional -- may be left out]
 +
  priority = PRIORITY [optional -- omission defaults to 100]
 
   effects = {EFFECT|[
 
   effects = {EFFECT|[
 
       EFFECT
 
       EFFECT
Line 41: Line 94:
  
 
Param Types:
 
Param Types:
  DESCRIPTION   string
+
  DESCRIPTION     string_constant
  SCOPE         Condition
+
  SCOPE           Condition
  ACTIVATION     Condition
+
  ACTIVATION       Condition
  STACKINGGROUP  string
+
  STACKINGGROUP   string_constant
  EFFECT         Effect
+
  ACCOUNTINGLABEL  string_constant
 +
  PRIORITY         int_constant
 +
EFFECT          Effect
  
 
Describes the mechanism by which game content such as Techs, Buildings or Specials interacts with and alters the game state.
 
Describes the mechanism by which game content such as Techs, Buildings or Specials interacts with and alters the game state.
Line 51: Line 106:
 
* Consists primarily of:
 
* Consists primarily of:
 
** One or more Effects
 
** One or more Effects
** A Condition which indicates the objects in the scope of the Effect(s)
+
** A "SCOPE" condition which indicates the objects in the scope of the Effect(s).  The scope objects are those that are acted on by the effects in the effects group, i.e., what the targets of the effects are.
** A Condition which indicates whether or not the Effect(s) will be executed on the objects in scope during the current turn.
+
** An "ACTIVATION" condition (assessed specifically against the Source) which indicates whether or not the Effect(s) will be executed on the objects in scope during the current turn. The default if the activation clause is left out, is to be on/active.
* The <description> element is optional.  If it is left out, a description will be autogenerated.  Presently, this works reasonably well for effects, but ranges from barely acceptable to awful for conditions.  Leave the description out at your own risk.
+
For scope conditions, the entire game universe (or rather, all objects in it) are the initial set.  For activation conditions, the initial set is the source object of the effects group.  This allows an EffectsGroup to be activated or suppressed based on the source object only (the object to which the EffectsGroup is attached). If the source object meets the activation condition, the EffectsGroup will be active in the current turn.
* DESCRIPTION strings should not be user-presentable text, such as DESCRIPTION="Adds 12 points to farming".  Rather, they should instead be keys into a string table file.
+
 
* Conditions start with a set of objects, and return subsets of this set according to whether the objects meet the criteria of the condition.  For scope conditions, the entire game universe (or rather, all objects in it) are the initial set.   
+
* The translated stringtable entry in "DESCRIPTION" is amended to the source objects description (at the time of this writing, only for specials and species).
* For activation conditions, the initial set is the source object of the effects group.  This allows an EffectsGroup to be activated or suppressed based on the source object only (the object to which the EffectsGroup is attached). If the source object meets the activation condition, the EffectsGroup will be active in the current turn.  
+
 
* An EffectsGroup's stacking group determines when it should affect a specific target; if that target has already been affected by another EffectsGroup with the same stacking group, all EffectsGroups after the first have no effect on the target that turn.  For instance, if an EffectsGroup is in a stacking group "WONDER_FARM_BONUS", and executes on a target object, no other EffectsGroup in the "WONDER_FARM_BONUS" stacking group will affect it on that turn.
 
* An EffectsGroup's stacking group determines when it should affect a specific target; if that target has already been affected by another EffectsGroup with the same stacking group, all EffectsGroups after the first have no effect on the target that turn.  For instance, if an EffectsGroup is in a stacking group "WONDER_FARM_BONUS", and executes on a target object, no other EffectsGroup in the "WONDER_FARM_BONUS" stacking group will affect it on that turn.
 +
* The presence of "ACCOUNTINGLABEL" being specified indicates this effect should be accounted for with the supplied stringtable entry.  This is typically used in providing feedback to the player, accounting for this EffectsGroup among the totals of effected meters.
 +
* "PRIORITY" is the order of the EffectsGroup processing.  Processing starts from 0, with all EffectsGroups of the same priority executing before any of a later priority.  This value must be an int and is specifically NOT a ValueRef ('1 + 1' is not allowed).  Information on reference priority values, and the relative priorities of the set of population effects, can be found [[EffectsGroup_Priority_Standard_Values | at our EffectsGroup Priority Standard Values page]].
 +
 +
==Content Specifications==
 +
 +
===Common Params===
 +
Where noted, content specifications include these common parameters:
 +
  buildcost = BUILDCOST
 +
  buildtime = BUILDTIME              [optional -- may be left out]
 +
  {Unproducable | Producable}        [optional -- omission defaults to Producable]
 +
  tags = [ "TAG" "TAG" ... ]          [optional -- may be left out]
 +
  location = LOCATION                [optional -- omission defaults to All]
 +
  EnqueueLocation = ENQUEUE          [optional -- omission defaults to All]
 +
  Consumption = CONSUMPTION          [optional -- may be left out]
 +
  effectsgroups = {EFFECTSGROUP|[    [optional -- may be left out]
 +
        EFFECTSGROUP
 +
        EFFECTSGROUP
 +
        ...
 +
  ]}
 +
 +
Param Types:
 +
BUILDCOST        double
 +
BUILDTIME        int
 +
TAG              string_constant
 +
LOCATION          Condition
 +
ENQUEUE          Condition
 +
CONSUMPTION      Consumption
 +
EFFECTSGROUP      EffectsGroup
  
==Special==
+
===Special Specification===
  
 
Special
 
Special
 
   name = "NAME"
 
   name = "NAME"
 
   description = "DESCRIPTION"
 
   description = "DESCRIPTION"
   effectsgroups = {EFFECTSGROUP|[
+
  stealth = STEALTH                  [optional -- may be left out]
        EFFECTSGROUP
+
  spawnrate = SPAWNRATE
 +
  spawnlimit = SPAWNLIMIT            [optional -- may be left out]
 +
  capacity = CAPACITY                [optional -- may be left out]
 +
  location = LOCATION                [optional -- may be left out]
 +
   effectsgroups = {EFFECTSGROUP|[     [optional -- may be left out]
 
         EFFECTSGROUP
 
         EFFECTSGROUP
 
         EFFECTSGROUP
 
         EFFECTSGROUP
 +
        ...
 
   ]}
 
   ]}
 +
  graphic = GRAPHICFILENAME
  
 
Param Types:
 
Param Types:
  NAME           string
+
  NAME               string_constant
  DESCRIPTION   string
+
  DESCRIPTION       string_constant
  EFFECTSGROUP   EffectsGroup
+
STEALTH            double
 +
SPAWNRATE          double
 +
SPAWNLIMIT        int
 +
CAPACITY          double
 +
LOCATION          Condition
 +
  EFFECTSGROUP       EffectsGroup
 +
GRAPHICFILENAME    string_constant
  
 
A specification for a Special, which is a definition of a predefined set of EffectsGroups with a unique name, which may be attached to an object in-game.
 
A specification for a Special, which is a definition of a predefined set of EffectsGroups with a unique name, which may be attached to an object in-game.
  
* Specials used in the game are stored in [[specials.txt]] and [[planet_specials.txt]].
+
* Specials used in the game are stored within [https://github.com/freeorion/freeorion/blob/master/default/scripting/specials/ specials].
** specials.txt contains general specials that may be applied to objects using the AddSpecial effect.
+
** specials contains general specials that may be applied to objects using the AddSpecial effect.
** planet_specials.txt contains specials that may be randomly applied to planets during universe generation.
+
  
==BuildingType==
+
===BuildingType Specification===
  
 
BuildingType
 
BuildingType
 
     name = "NAME"
 
     name = "NAME"
 
     description = "DESCRIPTION"
 
     description = "DESCRIPTION"
     buildcost = BUILDCOST
+
     captureresult = CAPTURERESULT      [optional -- omission defaults to capture]
    buildtime = BUILDTIME
+
     (common params)
    maintenancecost = MAINTENANCECOST
+
     icon = "ICONFILENAME"
    location = CONDITION
+
    effectsgroups = {EFFECTSGROUP|[
+
        EFFECTSGROUP
+
        EFFECTSGROUP
+
        EFFECTSGROUP
+
     ]}
+
     graphic = "GRAPHICFILENAME"
+
  
 
Param Types:
 
Param Types:
  NAME            string
+
  NAME            string_constant
  DESCRIPTION      string
+
  DESCRIPTION      string_constant
  BUILDCOST        double
+
  CAPTURERESULT    CaptureResult
  BUILDTIME        int
+
  ICONFILENAME     string_constant
MAINTENANCECOST  double
+
LOCATION        Condition
+
EFFECTSGROUP     EffectsGroup
+
GRAPHICFILENAME  string
+
  
 
A specification for a building of a certain type.
 
A specification for a building of a certain type.
 
* BuildingTypes must each have a unique name.
 
* BuildingTypes must each have a unique name.
* BuildingTypes used in the game are stored in [[buildings.txt]].
+
* BuildingTypes used in the game are stored within [https://github.com/freeorion/freeorion/blob/master/default/buildings/ buildings].
* The note about Special name and description text also applies to BuildingTypes.
+
* The note{{CN}} about Special name and description text also applies to BuildingTypes.
* GRAPHICFILENAME should be relative to the art directory.  So it should appear in the form "foo/bar.png" instead of "default/data/art/foo/bar.png".
+
* ICONFILENAME should be relative to the art directory.  So it should appear in the form "foo/bar.png" instead of "default/data/art/foo/bar.png".
  
==Item==
+
===Item Specification===
  
 
  Item type = TYPE name = "NAME"
 
  Item type = TYPE name = "NAME"
Line 119: Line 201:
 
Param Types:
 
Param Types:
 
  TYPE            UnlockableItemType
 
  TYPE            UnlockableItemType
  NAME            string
+
  NAME            string_constant
  
 
A specification for an unlockable item.
 
A specification for an unlockable item.
Line 125: Line 207:
 
* type defines the kind of thing to be unlocked, e.g. a Building, ShipHull, ShipPart, or Tech.
 
* type defines the kind of thing to be unlocked, e.g. a Building, ShipHull, ShipPart, or Tech.
 
* name is the name of the specific item of that kind to be unlocked, e.g. a "WonderFarm" building or a "MegaLaser" ship part.
 
* name is the name of the specific item of that kind to be unlocked, e.g. a "WonderFarm" building or a "MegaLaser" ship part.
* The note about Special and BuildingType name and description text also applies to Items.
+
* The note{{CN}} about Special and BuildingType name and description text also applies to Items.
  
==Tech Category==
+
===Tech Category===
  
 
  TechCategory name = "NAME" graphic = "GRAPHIC" colour = COLOUR
 
  TechCategory name = "NAME" graphic = "GRAPHIC" colour = COLOUR
Line 133: Line 215:
 
Param Type:
 
Param Type:
 
  NAME string
 
  NAME string
  GRAPHIC string
+
  GRAPHIC string_constant
 
  COLOUR colour
 
  COLOUR colour
  
 
Specifies a technology category.
 
Specifies a technology category.
 
* Techs are displayed by category in the UI
 
* Techs are displayed by category in the UI
* A category must be defined in [[techs.txt]] before a tech in that category may be defined (later in the same file)
+
* A category must be defined in [https://github.com/freeorion/freeorion/blob/master/default/scripting/techs/Categories.inf Categories.inf] before a tech in that category may be defined.
  
==Colour==
+
===Colour Specification===
  
 
  (RED, GREEN, BLUE, ALPHA)
 
  (RED, GREEN, BLUE, ALPHA)
  
 
Param Type:
 
Param Type:
  RED    int
+
  RED    int_constant
  GREEN  int
+
  GREEN  int_constant
  BLUE  int
+
  BLUE  int_constant
  ALPHA  int
+
  ALPHA  int_constant
  
 
Specifies a colour.
 
Specifies a colour.
Line 156: Line 238:
 
  colour = (116, 225, 107, 255)
 
  colour = (116, 225, 107, 255)
  
==Tech==
+
===FocusType Specification===
 +
 
 +
FocusType
 +
    name = "NAME"
 +
    description = "DESCRIPTION"
 +
    location = "CONDITION"
 +
    graphic = "GRAPHICFILENAME"
 +
 
 +
Specifies a focus setting for a planet.
 +
 
 +
* Within each species, each FocusType must have a unique name.  Two different species may have (the same or different) FocusTypes with the same name, however.
 +
* The location condition determines which planets on which the FocusType can be used.
 +
* The graphic determines the icon used to represent the FocusType in the UI.
 +
 
 +
===Tech Specification===
  
 
  Tech
 
  Tech
Line 162: Line 258:
 
     description = "DESCRIPTION"
 
     description = "DESCRIPTION"
 
     short_description = "SHORT_DESCRIPTION"
 
     short_description = "SHORT_DESCRIPTION"
    techtype = TYPE
 
 
     category = "CATEGORY"
 
     category = "CATEGORY"
 
     researchcost = RESEARCHCOST
 
     researchcost = RESEARCHCOST
 
     researchturns = RESEARCHTURNS
 
     researchturns = RESEARCHTURNS
     prerequisites = {"NAME"|[
+
     {Unrsearchable | Researchable}              [optional -- omission defaults to Researchable]
        "NAME"
+
    Tags = [ "TAG" "TAG" ... ]                  [optional -- may be left out]
 +
    prerequisites = {"NAME"|[                  [optional -- may be left out]
 
         "NAME"
 
         "NAME"
 
         "NAME"
 
         "NAME"
 +
        ...
 
     ]}
 
     ]}
     unlock = {ITEM|[
+
     unlock = {ITEM|[                           [optional -- may be left out]
        ITEM
+
 
         ITEM
 
         ITEM
 
         ITEM
 
         ITEM
 +
        ...
 
     ]}
 
     ]}
     effectsgroups = {EFFECTSGROUP|[ [optional -- may be left out]
+
     effectsgroups = {EFFECTSGROUP|[             [optional -- may be left out]
 
         EFFECTSGROUP
 
         EFFECTSGROUP
 
         EFFECTSGROUP
 
         EFFECTSGROUP
Line 184: Line 281:
  
 
Param Types:
 
Param Types:
  NAME              string
+
  NAME              string_constant
  DESCRIPTION        string
+
  DESCRIPTION        string_constant
  SHORT_DESCRIPTION  string
+
  SHORT_DESCRIPTION  string_constant
TYPE              TechType
+
  CATEGORY          string_constant
  CATEGORY          string
+
 
  RESEARCHCOST      double
 
  RESEARCHCOST      double
  RESEARCHTURNS      double
+
  RESEARCHTURNS      int
  NAME              string
+
TAG                string_constant
 +
  NAME              string_constant
 
  ITEM              Item
 
  ITEM              Item
 
  EFFECTSGROUP      EffectsGroup
 
  EFFECTSGROUP      EffectsGroup
Line 200: Line 297:
 
** Tech EffectsGroups are use as their source object the capitol planet of the empire that researches the tech.
 
** Tech EffectsGroups are use as their source object the capitol planet of the empire that researches the tech.
 
* All of a tech's prerequisites must be known before a Tech can be researched.
 
* All of a tech's prerequisites must be known before a Tech can be researched.
** Theory techs can only depend on other Theory techs
+
* The note{{CN}} about Special and BuildingType name and description text also applies to Tech names, descriptions, and category names.
** Refinements cannot be prerequisites except for other refinements.
+
* The note about Special and BuildingType name and description text also applies to Tech names, descriptions, and category names.
+
 
* GRAPHICFILENAME should be relative to the art directory.  So it should appear in the form "foo/bar.png" instead of "default/data/art/foo/bar.png".
 
* GRAPHICFILENAME should be relative to the art directory.  So it should appear in the form "foo/bar.png" instead of "default/data/art/foo/bar.png".
* Techs used in the game are stored in [[techs.txt]].  That file includes examples of theory techs with no effects or unlocked items, as well as applications that unlock buildings or which have effects of their own.
+
* Techs used in the game are stored within [https://github.com/freeorion/freeorion/blob/master/default/scripting/techs/ techs].  These files include examples of theory techs with no effects or unlocked items, as well as applications that unlock buildings or which have effects of their own.
 +
* The Source for all EffectsGroups in a Tech is the Empire Source (generally the Capital), as discussed in the [[#Source.2C_Target.2C_RootCandidate.2C_LocalCandidate | Source]] section.
  
==Ship Hull==
+
===Ship Hull Specification===
  
 
  Hull
 
  Hull
Line 212: Line 308:
 
     description = "DESCRIPTION"
 
     description = "DESCRIPTION"
 
     speed = BATTLESPEED
 
     speed = BATTLESPEED
    starlaneSpeed = STARLANESPEED
 
 
     fuel = FUEL
 
     fuel = FUEL
 
     stealth = STEALTH
 
     stealth = STEALTH
     health = HEALTH
+
     structure = STRUCTURE
     buildCost = BUILDCOST
+
     slots = [                                       [optional -- may be left out]
    buildTime = BUILDTIME
+
        Slot type = SLOTTYPE position = (X, Y)
    location = CONDITION
+
        ...
    effectsgroups = {EFFECTSGROUP|[ [optional -- may be left out]
+
    ]
        EFFECTSGROUP
+
     (common params)
        EFFECTSGROUP
+
    icon = "ICONFILENAME"
        EFFECTSGROUP
+
     ]}
+
 
     graphic = "GRAPHICFILENAME"
 
     graphic = "GRAPHICFILENAME"
  
 
Param Types:
 
Param Types:
  NAME              string
+
  NAME              string_constant
  DESCRIPTION        string
+
  DESCRIPTION        string_constant
 
  BATTLESPEED        double
 
  BATTLESPEED        double
STARLANESPEED      double
 
 
  FUEL              double
 
  FUEL              double
 
  STEALTH            double
 
  STEALTH            double
  HEALTH            double
+
  STRUCTURE         double
BUILDCOST         double
+
  SLOTTYPE          ShipSlotType
  BUILDTIME          int
+
  X, Y              double, double
  CONDITION          Condition
+
  ICONFILENAME       string_constant
  EFFECTSGROUP       EffectsGroup
+
  GRAPHICFILENAME    string_constant
  GRAPHICFILENAME    string
+
  
 
A specification for a ship hull.
 
A specification for a ship hull.
Line 244: Line 335:
 
* Each hull may optionally have one or more EffectsGroups associated with it.
 
* Each hull may optionally have one or more EffectsGroups associated with it.
 
** Hull EffectsGroups are use as their source object the ship in which the hull is located.
 
** Hull EffectsGroups are use as their source object the ship in which the hull is located.
* The note about Special and BuildingType name and description text also applies to Hull names and descriptions.
+
* ShipSlotTypes are currently: External, Internal, and Core.  These can be combined within brackets and separated by a pipe ( [EXTERNAL|INTERNAL] )
* GRAPHICFILENAME should be relative to the art directory.  So it should appear in the form "foo/bar.png" instead of "default/data/art/foo/bar.png".
+
* X, Y are the coordinates to place the slot (overlaying the hull) in the ship design window.
* Hulls used in the game are stored in [[ship_hulls.txt]].
+
* The note{{CN}} about Special and BuildingType name and description text also applies to Hull names and descriptions.
 +
* ICONFILENAME and GRAPHICFILENAME should be relative to the art directory.  So it should appear in the form "foo/bar.png" instead of "default/data/art/foo/bar.png".
 +
* Hulls used in the game are stored in [https://github.com/freeorion/freeorion/blob/master/default/scripting/ship_hulls ship_hulls].
  
==Ship Part==
+
===Ship Part Specification===
  
 
  Part
 
  Part
Line 254: Line 347:
 
     description = "DESCRIPTION"
 
     description = "DESCRIPTION"
 
     class = CLASS
 
     class = CLASS
     {STATS  -- format depends on CLASS}
+
     { capacity | damage } = PRIMARY    [optional -- defaults to 0.0 -- see ShipPartClass]
     buildCost = BUILDCOST
+
     { damage | shots } = SECONDARY    [optional -- defaults to 1.0 -- see ShipPartClass]
     buildTime = BUILDTIME
+
     NoDefaultCapacityEffect            [optional --  omission leaves the normal default capacity]
 
     mountableSlotTypes = {SLOTTYPE|[
 
     mountableSlotTypes = {SLOTTYPE|[
 
         SLOTTYPE
 
         SLOTTYPE
         SLOTTYPE
+
         ...
        SLOTTYPE
+
 
     ]}
 
     ]}
     location = CONDITION
+
     (common params)
     effectsgroups = {EFFECTSGROUP|[ [optional -- may be left out]
+
    icon = "ICONFILENAME"
        EFFECTSGROUP
+
 
 +
Param Types:
 +
NAME              string_constant
 +
DESCRIPTION        string_constant
 +
CLASS              ShipPartClass
 +
PRIMARY            double
 +
SECONDARY          double
 +
SLOTTYPE          ShipSlotType
 +
ICONFILENAME      string_constant
 +
 
 +
 
 +
A specification for a ship part.
 +
* Parts must each have a unique name.
 +
* Each part may optionally have one or more EffectsGroups associated with it.
 +
** Part EffectsGroups are use as their source object the ship in which the part is located.
 +
* The note{{CN}} about Special and BuildingType name and description text also applies to Part names and descriptions.
 +
* ICONFILENAME should be relative to the art directory.  So it should appear in the form "foo/bar.png" instead of "default/data/art/foo/bar.png".
 +
* Parts used in the game are stored in [https://github.com/freeorion/freeorion/blob/master/default/scripting/ship_parts/ ship_parts]].
 +
 
 +
====Ship Part Class, Stats and PartMeters ====
 +
Each class of ship parts defines a primary stat and may also define a secondary stat. Some have associated ship part meters (One meter value per ship object and ship part meter type). Possible ship part meter types are: Capacity, MaxCapacity, SecondaryStat, and MaxSecondaryStat.
 +
 
 +
Most parts classes ('''Armour''', '''Bombard''', '''Detection''', '''Fuel''', '''General''', '''Shield''', '''Speed''', '''Stealth''') only have a primary stat of capacity an no associated meter.<br />
 +
 
 +
'''Troops''' and '''Colony''' part types have a primary capacity stat with associated Capacity meter.
 +
 
 +
'''FighterHangar''' has a primary stat of capacity and a secondary of damage (number of boats, damage of each boat's attack) and the associated MaxCapacity and MaxSecondaryStat meters.
 +
 
 +
Direct fire weapons (which only contains '''ShortRange''' currently) have a primary stat of damage and a secondary of shots.<br />
 +
shots determines how many times the weapon will fire each combat round.
 +
 
 +
'''LaunchBay''' parts have a capacity stat with associated (Max)Capacity meters which specifies how many space boats may launch per combat turn.
 +
 
 +
The meter value for a ship can be accessed using the ShipPartMeter part = "PART_NAME" meter = METER_TYPE object = SHIP_ID double complex variable. See above for which meters exist for which part class. Also note you can use Value(ShipPartMeter) to get the immediate/non-initial value. Defaults to 0.0
 +
 
 +
In the source code, the ship meters and ship part meters are defined in the Ship::Ship constructor in universe/Ship.cpp
 +
 
 +
===Species Specification===
 +
 
 +
Species
 +
     name = "NAME"
 +
    description = "DESCRIPTION"
 +
    gameplay_description = "GAMEPLAY_DESCRIPTION"
 +
    Playable                                      [optional -- defaults to not playable]
 +
    Native                                        [optional -- defaults to not native]
 +
    CanProduceShips                              [optional -- defaults to cannot produce ships]
 +
    CanColonize                                  [optional -- defaults to cannot colonize]
 +
    tags = ["TAG" "TAG" ...]                      [optional]
 +
    foci = {FOCUSTYPE|[                           [optional -- may be left out]
 +
        FOCUSTYPE
 +
        ...
 +
    ]}
 +
    preferredfocus = "FOCUS"                      [optional]
 +
    effectsgroups = {EFFECTSGROUP|[              [optional -- may be left out]
 
         EFFECTSGROUP
 
         EFFECTSGROUP
 
         EFFECTSGROUP
 
         EFFECTSGROUP
 +
        ...
 +
    ]}
 +
    environments = {PLANETTYPEENVIRONMENT        [optional -- may be left out]
 +
        PLANETTYPEENVIRONMENT
 +
        PLANETTYPEENVIRONMENT
 +
        ...
 
     ]}
 
     ]}
 
     graphic = "GRAPHICFILENAME"
 
     graphic = "GRAPHICFILENAME"
  
 
Param Types:
 
Param Types:
  NAME               string
+
  NAME                   string_constant
  DESCRIPTION       string
+
  DESCRIPTION           string_constant
  CLASS              PartClass
+
  GAMEPLAY_DESCRIPTION  string_constant
  SLOTTYPE          SlotType
+
  TAG                    string_constant
  CONDITION          Condition
+
  FOCUSTYPE              FocusType
  EFFECTSGROUP       EffectsGroup
+
FOCUS                  string_constant
  GRAPHICFILENAME   string
+
  EFFECTSGROUP           EffectsGroup
 +
PLANETTYPEENVIRONMENT  (see below)
 +
  GRAPHICFILENAME       string_constant
  
STATS is a series of parameters that depends on the CLASS of the part.
+
* Species must have a unique name.
 +
* PLANETTYPEENVIRONMENT has format:
 +
type = PLANETTYPE environment = ENVIRONMENT
 +
with param types:
 +
PLANETTYPE        PlanetType
 +
ENVIRONMENT        PlanetEnvironment
  
 +
===ShipDesign Specification===
  
A specification for a ship part.
+
ShipDesign
* Parts must each have a unique name.
+
    name = "NAME"
* Each part may optionally have one or more EffectsGroups associated with it.
+
    description = "DESCRIPTION"
** Part EffectsGroups are use as their source object the ship in which the part is located.
+
    NoStringTableLookup              [optional -- omission leaves default behavior]
* The note about Special and BuildingType name and description text also applies to Part names and descriptions.
+
    hull = "HULLTYPE"
* GRAPHICFILENAME should be relative to the art directory.  So it should appear in the form "foo/bar.png" instead of "default/data/art/foo/bar.png".
+
    parts = [                        [see note below]
* Hulls used in the game are stored in [[ship_parts.txt]].
+
        "PARTTYPE"                  
 +
        "PARTTYPE"
 +
        ...
 +
    ]
 +
    icon = "ICONFILENAME"
 +
    model = "MODELNAME"
  
=Types and Expressions=
+
Param Types:
 +
NAME                string_constant
 +
DESCRIPTION        string_constant
 +
HULLTYPE            ShipHullType
 +
PARTTYPE            string_constant
 +
ICONFILENAME        string_constant
 +
MODELNAME          string_constant
  
In the Conditions and Effects below, there are references to variables and expressions of various types. Variables refer to attributes of a source or target object.  The source object is the object to which the Effect is attached, and the target object(s) is(are) the objects that are within an Effect's scope.
+
* ShipDesign must have a unique name
 +
* PARTTYPE corresponds to the same ordered entry for each slot in HULLTYPE.
 +
** There must be the same number of PARTTYPEs as there are slots, but the PARTTYPE may be left empty ( "" ).
 +
** PARTTYPE must be compatible with the ShipSlotType for that slot.
 +
* ICONFILENAME and MODELNAME should be relative to the art directory.
 +
 
 +
=Types and Expressions (ValueRefs)=
 +
 
 +
In the Conditions and Effects below, there are parameters that specify details about how the condition or effect functions.  These parameters can be specified as a constant number (eg. 5) or value (Blue), or can be variables that depend on the gamestate. Variables may refer to the Source, Target, RootCandidate or LocalCandidate objects (see below), a few independent values such as the number of the current game turn, or may refer to statistics about the gamestate that are calculated from multiple objects. 
 +
 
 +
==Source, Target, RootCandidate, LocalCandidate==
 +
ValueRefs, Conditions and Effects are evaluated in light of an automatically generated Scripting Context, which specifies one or more of a Source, Target, RootCandidate, and LocalCandidate.  The way these get automatically generated depends on what content type is being evaluated.
 +
 
 +
For an Effect, the Source object is the object to which the Effect is attached.  For example, a building might have an effect that increases a planet's industry meter.  When defining that building's effects, the building itself would be the Source object.  Regarding using "Source" as a Condition, as is common when specifying a scope, see [[#Conditions|the Conditions Section below]].
 +
 
 +
The Target object of an Effect is the object that the Effect is modifying.  In an effect that modifies a planet's industry meter, the planet would be the Target object.
 +
 
 +
The objects being tested by Conditions are candidates, and for reference within the scripts these are broadly divided into two types relating to the potentially multi-tiered nature of Conditions.  Consider the following EffectsGroup scope condition:
 +
  scope = WithinDistance distance = 5 condition = And [
 +
    Planet
 +
    OwnedBy TheEmpire RootCandidate.Owner
 +
    Construction low = 0 high = LocalCandidate.TargetConstruction / 2
 +
  ]
 +
Here there are two sets of objects being matched:
 +
1) The objects actually being matched for the scope.  These are objects within distance 5 of an object matched by the subcondition.
 +
2) The objects matched by the subcondition, which are used to evaluate the outer condition.  These are planets that are owned by the same empire that owns the object matched in the outer condition, and that have less than half their own target construction.
 +
 
 +
RootCandidate refers to the object being matched in the outer-most condition - WithinDistance in this case.  This gives a way to refer to the object actually being matched by a big multi-part condition from one of the inner condition definitions, where the object being matched by a subcondition is likely not the same object being matched by the outer condition.
 +
 
 +
LocalCandidate refers to the object being matched in whatever condition it is directly in - the Construction meter condition in this case.  This gives a way to refer to the object being matched by the current condition, regardless of what other conditions are matching outside or inside the current condition.
 +
 
 +
The RootCandidate and LocalCandidate may be used with the same types of variable references as for Source and Target.
 +
 
 +
For the EffectGroups in Techs, the Location specification, BuildTime value and BuildCost value for content such as a BuildingType, ShipHull or ShipPart, the context Source is the EmpireSource for the empire currently under consideration; this is its Capital planet if it has one, otherwise some other object owned by the empire.  The Target in this context is the potential production location (planet) for which the Location, BuildTime or BuildCost is being evaluated.
 +
 
 +
For the Location specification for Specials, Source and Target are not set, but the LocalCandidate and RootCandidate references may be used.
 +
 
 +
For EmpireStatistic ValueRefs, the scripting context only has a Source, which is the EmpireSource mentioned above.
 +
 
 +
==Free/Independent Variables==
 +
 
 +
There are some variables that may be used without referring directly to the Source, Target or candidate objects.  The current free variables that may be referenced are those specifying the galaxy setup conditions, and one which provides the current game turn.  These currently all provide an integer result. For galaxy setup variables, their underlying type is generally a specialized enumeration which for this purpose gets mapped to an integer corresponding to the order they get listed in the GalaxySetup screen.  For example, most galaxy setup variables work with range [None, Low, Medium, High], which gets mapped to [0, 1, 2, 3].  (Many of those variables drop the None value, and so have a range of 1-3.)  Current Max AI Aggressions range from 0 to 5.    The current list of free variables is:
 +
 
 +
Value                  (various, see below)
 +
GalaxySeed              string
 +
CurrentTurn            int
 +
GalaxyAge              int
 +
GalaxyMaxAIAggression  int
 +
GalaxyMonsterFrequency  int
 +
GalaxyNativeFrequency  int
 +
GalaxyPlanetDensity    int
 +
GalaxyShape            int
 +
GalaxySize              int
 +
GalaxySpecialFrequency  int
 +
GalaxyStarlaneFrequency int
 +
UniverseCentreX        double
 +
UniverseCentreY        double
 +
 
 +
==Complex Variables==
 +
These variables are for values which need more than one parameter. These need at least one extra parameter to distinguish the right value and can not directly be accessed from an object. Instead you typically pass also the object ID (e.g. Source.ID, Target.DesignID) as parameter.
 +
 
 +
PartsInShipDesign name = "PART_NAME" design = DESIGN_ID
 +
Returns the count of ship parts with the part name PART_NAME which are part of the ship design with the id DESIGN_ID. Will return zero if no such design exists or no such parts exist in the design.
 +
 
 +
SpecialAddedOnTurn name = "SPECIAL_NAME" object = ID
 +
Returns the turn in the Special with the name SPECIAL_NAME was attached to the object ID. Will return zero if no such object exists or no such special was attached to the object (Note: this should be changed to a maximum turn number so SpecialAddedOnTurn <= CurrentTurn will be false if no special was attached to the object).
 +
 
 +
SpecialCapacity name = "SPECIAL_NAME" object = ID
 +
Returns the capacity of the Special with the name SPECIAL_NAME attached to the object ID. Will return zero if no such object exists or no such special was attached to the object.
 +
 
 +
ShipPartMeter part = "PART_NAME" meter = METER_TYPE object = SHIP_ID
 +
Returns the part meter value of a ship (as double). The meter value of the meter type METER_TYPE for the part with name PART_NAME of the ship with the id SHIP_ID. Note you can use Value(ShipPartMeter) to get the immediate/non-initial value. Will return 0.0 if the ship does not exist, the ship design does not have such a part, or the part class does not have this kind of meter associated.
 +
 
 +
Parameter Types:
 +
METER_TYPE meter type enum - one of Capacity, MaxCapacity, SecondaryStat, or MaxSecondaryStat
 +
*NAME string_constant
 +
*ID int_constant - the object identifier
  
 
==Object Attributes==
 
==Object Attributes==
 +
 +
Object attributes are variables that are properties of the Source, Target, LocalCandidate, or RootCandidate objects.
  
 
===List===
 
===List===
  
Here is a comprehensive list of the attributes available, and their types (more on types later):
+
Here is a (currently incomplete) list of the attributes available (but not necessarily currently used in-game), and their types (more on types later):
  
  CurrentFarming        double
+
  Industry                  double
  MaxFarming           double
+
  TargetIndustry           double
  CurrentIndustry      double
+
  Research                  double
  MaxIndustry          double
+
  TargetResearch            double
  CurrentResearch      double
+
  Trade                    double
  MaxResearch          double
+
  TargetTrade              double
  CurrentTrade         double
+
  Construction              double
  MaxTrade              double
+
TargetConstruction        double
  CurrentMining        double
+
Population                double
  MaxMining            double
+
TargetPopulation         double
  CurrentConstruction  double
+
  TargetHappiness          double
  MaxConstruction      double
+
  Happiness                double
  CurrentHealth        double
+
  MaxFuel                  double
  MaxHealth            double
+
  Fuel                      double
  CurrentPopulation    double
+
  MaxShield                double
  MaxPopulation        double
+
  Shield                    double
  TradeStockpile        double
+
  MaxDefense                double
  MineralStockpile      double
+
  Defense                  double
  FoodStockpile        double
+
  MaxTroops                double
  TradeProduction      double
+
  Troops                    double
  FoodProduction        double
+
  RebelTroops              double
  MineralProduction    double
+
  MaxStructure              double
  IndustryProduction    double
+
  Structure                double
  ResearchProduction    double
+
  Supply                    double
  PlanetSize           PlanetSize +
+
  Stealth                  double
  PlanetType           PlanetType +
+
  Detection                double
  PlanetEnvironment     PlanetEnvironment +
+
  BattleSpeed              double
  ObjectType           UniverseObjectType +!
+
  StarlaneSpeed            double
  StarType             StarType +
+
TradeStockpile           double
  PrimaryFocus          FocusType +
+
X                        double
  SecondaryFocus        FocusType +
+
Y                        double
  Owner                 int ++
+
SizeAsDouble              double
  ID                   int +++
+
NextTurnPopGrowth        double
 +
Size                      double
 +
DistanceFromOriginalType  double
 +
PlanetSize                PlanetSize +
 +
  PlanetType               PlanetType +
 +
  PlanetEnvironment         PlanetEnvironment +
 +
  ObjectType               UniverseObjectType +!
 +
  StarType                 StarType +
 +
  Name                      string
 +
  Species                  string
 +
BuildingType              string
 +
Focus                    string
 +
PreferredFocus            string
 +
  Owner                     int ++
 +
  ID                       int +++
 +
CreationTurn              int
 +
Age                      int
 +
ProducedByEmpireID        int
 +
DesignID                  int ++++
 +
FleetID                  int
 +
PlanetID                  int
 +
SystemID                  int
 +
FinalDestinationID        int
 +
NextSystemID              int
 +
PreviousSystemID          int
 +
NumShips                  int
 +
LastTurnBattleHere        int
 +
LastTurnActiveInBattle    int
 +
Orbit                    int
 +
Species                  int
 +
TurnsSinceFocusChange    int
  
<br>+   The valid values for these types are listed after the corresponding conditions below.  These values may change however, so for the most up-to-date list, it may be necessary to consult the FreeOrion source code.
+
<br>+   The valid values for these types are listed after the corresponding conditions below.  These values may change however, so for the most up-to-date list, it may be necessary to consult the FreeOrion source code.
<br>++ Owner will return -1 (instead of 0 like all other failures for numeric types) if there are no owners, or there are more than one, since this is guaranteed not to match any actual object.
+
<br>++   Owner will return -1 if there are no owners (such as for a roaming space monster or unexplored system)
<br>+++ This is the unique integer numeric ID used to identify an object internally within FreeOrion.
+
<br>+++ This is the unique integer ID used to identify an object internally within FreeOrion.
<br>!   The types returned by ObjectType have some overlap.  For instance, a Planet is also a PopCenter and a ProdCenter.  In this case, Planet is returned before PopCenter or ProdCenter, since if you see a Planet, you know it is a ProdCenter, but seeing a ProdCenter, you have no idea if it is a Planet or something else that produces goods or resources, for instance a mining outpost. This principle guides the order in which type is determined when ObjectType is used.
+
<br>++++ This is the unique integer ID used to identify a ship design.
 +
<br>!   The types returned by ObjectType have some overlap.  For instance, a Planet is also a PopCenter and a ProdCenter.  In this case, Planet is returned before PopCenter or ProdCenter, since if you see a Planet, you know it is a ProdCenter, but seeing a ProdCenter, you have no idea if it is a Planet or something else that produces goods or resources, for instance a mining outpost. This principle guides the order in which type is determined when ObjectType is used.
 +
 
 +
===Value===
 +
 
 +
As a special case, there is a utility variable available that is used like a free variable, but actually refers to what is being modified by an effect:
 +
 
 +
Value                double, int, string, PlanetSize, PlanetType, StarType
 +
 
 +
The value of "Value" is the initial value (before the current effect acts) of whatever is being set.  For example, in a SetStealth effect, "Value" would return the same as "Target.Stealth".  For SetPlanetType, "Value" would return the same as "Target.PlanetType".
 +
 
 +
The type returned by "Value" depend on the type of effect in which it is used.  For meter-setting effects Value will be a double.  For SetPlanetSize, it will be a PlanetSize, and similarly for PlanetType, PlanetEnvironment, StarType.  For setting a planet's species, Value will be a string.
 +
 
 +
===Statistics===
 +
 
 +
Statistics are values calculated from a sampling of objects in the game universe, which may or may not include the Source and Target objects.
 +
 
 +
====List====
 +
 
 +
The available statistical calculations that can be performed on the property values of objects matching the sampling condition are:
 +
 
 +
If                - Returns 1 if at least one object matches the selection condition, or 0 otherwise
 +
Count              - Returns the number of objects that match the selection condition
 +
UniqueCount        - Returns the number of unique values of the property are present among objects that match the selection condition
 +
Sum                - Returns the sum of property values of objects that match the selection condition
 +
Mean              - Returns the arithmetic mean of property values
 +
RMS                - Returns the square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of the property values
 +
Mode              - Returns the most common property value
 +
Max                - Returns the largest property value
 +
Min                - Returns the smallest property value
 +
Spread            - Returns the difference between the largest and smallest property values
 +
STDEV              - Returns the standard deviation of the property values
 +
Product            - Returns the product of multiplying all the property values together
 +
 
 +
Mode may be used for any type of parameter, including enumerated types like PlanetSize and double or int or string.  The other statistic types may be used only for parameters that are int or double. If and Count may be used without specifying a property value.
  
 
===Use===
 
===Use===
  
In item descriptions, parameter values such as LOW, HIGH, or NUMBER may be simple numbers, like 5 or 10, in which case all objects with the appropriate meter are treated the same by Turn. LOW and HIGH may also be defined in terms of attributes (or "properties") of the Source or Target object.  In these cases, different objects may be differently matched or not, if the property used differs between them.
+
====Constants====
 +
In item descriptions, parameter values such as LOW, HIGH, or NUMBER may be simple numbers, like 5 or 10, in which case all objects with the appropriate meter are treated the same by Turn.
 +
 
 +
====Variables====
 +
Parameter values may also be defined in terms of attributes (or "properties") of the Source, RootCandidate, LocalCandidate or Target object.  In these cases, different objects may be differently matched or not, if the property used differs between them.
 +
 
 +
Object attributes can be referenced on the source or target object, but not alone.  So "Source.ID" and "Target.PlanetSize" are legal variables, but "PlanetEnvironment" in isolation is not. 
 +
 
 +
Parameter values may also be defined in terms of the free variables mentioned above that are not associated with a particular object.  In this case, the variable name is used without any object reference; for example, "CurrentTurn" returns the current game turn.
  
Attributes can be referenced on the source or target object, but not alone.  So "Source.ID" and "Target.PlanetSize" are legal variables, but "PlanetEnvironment" in isolation is not.
+
Parameter values for meter-altering effects may also refer to "Value" which is equivalent to referring to the meter of the target object that is being altered, depending which meter-setting effect is being used.
  
 
In addition, an object's containing object, if one exists, may be used in a variable.  For instance, if the source is a planet, "Source.System.StarType" represents the star type of the source's system.  Planet may also be used in a similar fashion, as in "Target.Planet.PlanetEnvironment".
 
In addition, an object's containing object, if one exists, may be used in a variable.  For instance, if the source is a planet, "Source.System.StarType" represents the star type of the source's system.  Planet may also be used in a similar fashion, as in "Target.Planet.PlanetEnvironment".
Line 351: Line 671:
 
For example, if the source object is a System, Source.System.StarType will always return an invalid Star Type.
 
For example, if the source object is a System, Source.System.StarType will always return an invalid Star Type.
  
Similarly, Target.System.CurrentFarming makes no sense (since farming meters meters exist for Planets but not Systems), and so will return the double value 0.0.
+
Similarly, Target.System.Farming makes no sense (since farming meters meters exist for Planets but not Systems), and so will return the double value 0.0.
 +
 
 +
====Statistics====
 +
Parameter values may also be defined in terms of statistics calculated from the gamestate.  A statistic returns a value based on the specified property, calculation and a condition to select objects in the game Universe.
 +
 
 +
In any place where a constant or variable could be specified, a statistic may be used instead.  The format for a statistic calculation is:
 +
 
 +
Statistic STATISTIC_TYPE value = VALUE condition = SAMPLING_CONDITION
 +
 
 +
For example, to calculate the sum of all planets' populations,
 +
Statistic Sum value = LocalCandidate.Population condition = Planet
 +
 
 +
The result would return a double value, which will be used just as if a constant like 42.4 had been specified, or a variable like Target.Population had been specified.
  
 
==Types==
 
==Types==
Line 359: Line 691:
 
In the Conditions and Effects below, certain parameters have types.  It is illegal to provide a parameter of the wrong type, and it will result in a thrown exception (a purposeful crash of FreeOrion).  There is one major exceptions to this.  It is legal to provide a int value for any parameter of any type.  This is mainly to support easy expression syntax, which is the next thing that needs to be addressed.
 
In the Conditions and Effects below, certain parameters have types.  It is illegal to provide a parameter of the wrong type, and it will result in a thrown exception (a purposeful crash of FreeOrion).  There is one major exceptions to this.  It is legal to provide a int value for any parameter of any type.  This is mainly to support easy expression syntax, which is the next thing that needs to be addressed.
  
Instead of providing a singe variable or constant value (such as 3.14, 5, or STAR_BLUE), you can instead provide an arithmetic expression.  Legal expressions may contain parentheses, +, -, *, and /.  The - operator can be binary as in "3 - 4", or unary as in "-Source.MaxHealth".  Whitespace (spaces, tabs, and newlines) is ignored.  Expressions may be arbitrarily complex.  The type of the entire expression must match the type of the parameter for which it is intended.  For instance, it is illegal to supply "1 + 3.14" as a value for an int-type parameter, since 3.14 is not an int. As mentioned before, though, it is legal to supply "STAR_BLUE + 1" as a value for a StarType parameter, since integers are always ok.
+
Instead of providing a singe variable or constant value (such as 3.14, 5, or STAR_BLUE), you can instead provide an arithmetic expression.  Legal expressions may contain parentheses, +, -, *, / and ^ (for exponentiation).  The - operator can be binary as in "3 - 4", or unary as in "-Source.MaxHealth".  Whitespace (spaces, tabs, and newlines) is ignored.  Expressions may be arbitrarily complex.  The type of the entire expression must match the type of the parameter for which it is intended.  For instance, it is illegal to supply "1 + 3.14" as a value for an int-type parameter, since 3.14 is not an int. As mentioned before, though, it is legal to supply "STAR_BLUE + 1" as a value for a StarType parameter, since integers are always ok.
  
Note that since arbitrarily complex expressions are allowed in Effects, and multiple Effects may affect a single target in a single turn, the order in which the Effects are applied to the target may matter.  For instance, if Effect A sets the current industry meter to "Target.CurrentIndustry + 20", and Effect B sets the current industry meter to "Target.CurrentIndustry * 3", the answer could be X * 3 + 20 or (X + 20) * 3, depending on the order of execution.  To minimize this, and in keeping with the guidelines for Effects in general, such Effects should have small magnitude, which will make the problem largely disappear.  For instance,  if "Target.CurrentIndustry + 3" and "Target.CurrentIndustry * 1.05" are used instead, the difference between X * 1.05 + 3 and (X + 3) * 1.05 is a negligible 0.15.
+
Note that since arbitrarily complex expressions are allowed in Effects, and multiple Effects may affect a single target in a single turn, the order in which the Effects are applied to the target may matter.  For instance, if Effect A sets the current industry meter to "Target.Industry + 20", and Effect B sets the current industry meter to "Target.Industry * 3", the answer could be X * 3 + 20 or (X + 20) * 3, depending on the order of execution.  To minimize this, and in keeping with the guidelines for Effects in general, such Effects should have small magnitude, which will make the problem largely disappear.  For instance,  if "Target.Industry + 3" and "Target.Industry * 1.05" are used instead, the difference between X * 1.05 + 3 and (X + 3) * 1.05 is a negligible 0.15.
  
 
Note that some of the parameters in the Conditions and Effects below ask for a certain type, sometimes a type-expression.  Those parameters that do not explicitly allow type-expressions cannot handle them.
 
Note that some of the parameters in the Conditions and Effects below ask for a certain type, sometimes a type-expression.  Those parameters that do not explicitly allow type-expressions cannot handle them.
  
Finally, note that in places below where a bool value is requested, you must enter a "1" for true or a "0" for false.  "False", "True", "T", "F", etc., are not recognized.
+
==Value==
 +
 
 +
The Value parameter for a statistic can be practically any kind of ValueRef, including complex expressions.  The one exception that comes to mind is that attempting to use a statistic as the Value for another statistic has had parsing problems which may not yet be fully resolved.
  
 
=Conditions=
 
=Conditions=
Line 385: Line 719:
  
 
Matches the Source object.
 
Matches the Source object.
 +
 +
 +
Target
 +
 +
Matches the target object of an effect.  This can be used within effect definitions, but not within scope or activation condition definitions, as when those conditions are evaluated, the target object hasn't yet been determined.
  
  
Line 396: Line 735:
 
Matches at most NUMBER objects that match CONDITION.  If fewer than NUMBER objects match CONDITION, all such objects are matched.  If more than NUMBER objects match CONDITION, NUMBER such objects are randomly selected and matched.
 
Matches at most NUMBER objects that match CONDITION.  If fewer than NUMBER objects match CONDITION, all such objects are matched.  If more than NUMBER objects match CONDITION, NUMBER such objects are randomly selected and matched.
  
Note: If the value of NUMBER is specified as a property of Target, such as Target.MaxResearch, this is treated as if the source was the target. So, Target.Anything with resolve to Source.Anything.
+
MinimumNumberOf number = NUMBER sortkey = SORTKEY condition = CONDITION
 +
MaximumNumberOf number = NUMBER sortkey = SORTKEY condition = CONDITION
 +
ModeNumberOf    number = NUMBER sortkey = SORTKEY condition = CONDITION
 +
 
 +
These variants of NumberOf take a SORTKEY argument which is used to sort the objects matching the CONDITION before the elements get selected. The SORTKEY is a double valueref (e.g. such as LocalCandidate.Happiness).
 +
MinimumNumberOf will select and match (up to) NUMBER objects which have the smallest SORTKEY value of all matching objects.
 +
MaximumNumberOf will select and match (up to) NUMBER objects which have the highest SORTKEY value of all matching objects.
 +
ModeNumberOf will select and match (up to) NUMBER objects which have the most frequent values of all matching objects' SORTKEY values (e.g. you could a match a number of planets with the most common defense meter value).
  
  
Line 412: Line 758:
 
  Building
 
  Building
 
  Ship
 
  Ship
 +
Fighter
 
  Fleet
 
  Fleet
 
  Planet
 
  Planet
Line 417: Line 764:
 
  ProductionCenter
 
  ProductionCenter
 
  System  
 
  System  
  ObjectType type = TYPE
+
   
Types for ObjectType are:
+
Matches objects with the indicated type.
Building
+
Ship
+
Fleet
+
Planet
+
PopulationCenter
+
ProductionCenter
+
System
+
  
Matches objects with the indicated type.  "Building" is equivalent to "ObjectType type = Building"
+
==Building / Special==
  
 +
Building name = {"NAME" | ["NAME0" "NAME1" "NAME2" ...]}
  
==Scripted Items==
+
Matches buildings with the indicated name(s)NAME is as indicated in a particular building description, by: name = "NAME" or name = ["NAME0" "NAME1" "NAME2"] (etc.)
 
+
Building name = "NAME"
+
 
+
Matches buildings with the indicated name.  Name is as indicated in a particular building description, by: name = "NAME"
+
  
  
 
  HasSpecial name = "NAME"
 
  HasSpecial name = "NAME"
  
Matches objects that contain the indicated special. Name is as indicated in a particular special description, by: name = "NAME"
+
Matches objects that have the indicated special.
 
+
  
 
==Containing Associations==
 
==Containing Associations==
Line 453: Line 789:
 
Matches objects that are contained by one or more objects that match the indicated CONDITION
 
Matches objects that are contained by one or more objects that match the indicated CONDITION
  
 +
 +
Enqueued type = {Building | Ship} name = "NAME" empire = EMPIRE low = LOW high = HIGH
 +
Enqueued type = Ship design = DESIGNID low = LOW
 +
Enqueued type = {Building | Ship} empire = EMPIRE high = HIGH
 +
Enqueued low = LOW
 +
 +
Matches objects where the empire with the indicated id EMPIRE (or any empires if none is specified) have within the indicated range (LOW to HIGH inclusive) of the indicated type of production item with the indicated name or design ID (NAME or DESIGN ID) and TYPE (Building or Ship).  The count used to assess LOW and HIGH takes into account the element blocksize.
  
 
==Planet / Star==
 
==Planet / Star==
Line 502: Line 845:
  
 
  HomeWorld
 
  HomeWorld
 +
    name = {SPECIES|[SPECIES0 SPECIES1 ...]}    [optional -- may be left out]
  
Matches planets that are homeworlds.  Use in combination with OwnedBy for a specific empire's homeworld.
+
Matches planets that are homeworlds to playable speciesIf no species are specified, the homeworld of any species will be matched.
  
 +
SPECIES the name of a species in the game, as defined in a species definition file
  
  Capitol
+
 
 +
  Capital
  
 
Matches planets that are capitols of an (any) empire.  Use in combination with OwnedBy for a specific empire's homeworld.
 
Matches planets that are capitols of an (any) empire.  Use in combination with OwnedBy for a specific empire's homeworld.
Line 526: Line 872:
 
==Infrastructure / Focus==
 
==Infrastructure / Focus==
  
  PrimaryFocus focus = {FOCUS|[FOCUS0 FOCUS1 FOCUS2 ...]}
+
  Focus focus = {FOCUS|[FOCUS0 FOCUS1 FOCUS2 ...]}
SecondaryFocus focus = {FOCUS|[FOCUS0 FOCUS1 FOCUS2 ...]}
+
  
Matches planets that have the primary focus (PrimaryFocus) or secondary focus (SecondaryFocus).
+
Matches planets that have the indicated focus or any of the indicated foci.
  
Foci are:
+
FOCUS or FOCUS# are strings. Each species may have a different set of foci available, but typical focus options include "FOCUS_FARMING", "FOCUS_MINING", "FOCUS_INDUSTRY", "FOCUS_RESEARCH" and "FOCUS_TRADE"
  Balanced
+
Farming
+
Industry
+
Mining
+
Research
+
Trade
+
  
 +
To check if a given focus (FOCUS_RESEARCH in the below example) is simply available at a planet (even if not actually selected), the following check can be used:
 +
  And [
 +
      Planet
 +
      Location type=Focus name = LocalCandidate.Species name = "FOCUS_RESEARCH"
 +
  ]
  
 
==MeterValue==
 
==MeterValue==
  
  MaxPopulation low = LOW high = HIGH
+
  TargetPopulation low = LOW high = HIGH
  MaxFarming low = LOW high = HIGH
+
  TargetIndustry low = LOW high = HIGH
  MaxIndustry low = LOW high = HIGH
+
  TargetResearch low = LOW high = HIGH
  MaxResearch low = LOW high = HIGH
+
  TargetTrade low = LOW high = HIGH
  MaxTrade low = LOW high = HIGH
+
  TargetConstruction low = LOW high = HIGH
MaxMining low = LOW high = HIGH
+
MaxConstruction low = LOW high = HIGH
+
MaxHealth low = LOW high = HIGH
+
 
  MaxFuel low = LOW high = HIGH
 
  MaxFuel low = LOW high = HIGH
  MaxStealth low = LOW high = HIGH
+
  MaxShield low = LOW high = HIGH
  CurrentPopulation low = LOW high = HIGH
+
  MaxStructure low = LOW high = HIGH
  CurrentFarming low = LOW high = HIGH
+
  MaxDefense low = LOW high = HIGH
  CurrentIndustry low = LOW high = HIGH
+
  Population low = LOW high = HIGH
  CurrentResearch low = LOW high = HIGH
+
  Industry low = LOW high = HIGH
  CurrentTrade low = LOW high = HIGH
+
  Research low = LOW high = HIGH
  CurrentMining low = LOW high = HIGH
+
  Trade low = LOW high = HIGH
  CurrentConstruction low = LOW high = HIGH
+
  Construction low = LOW high = HIGH
  CurrentHealth low = LOW high = HIGH
+
  Fuel low = LOW high = HIGH
  CurrentFuel low = LOW high = HIGH
+
  Shield low = LOW high = HIGH
  CurrentStealth low = LOW high = HIGH
+
  Structure low = LOW high = HIGH
 +
Defense low = LOW high = HIGH
 +
Supply low = LOW high = HIGH
 +
Stealth low = LOW high = HIGH
 +
Detection low = LOW high = HIGH
 +
Starlanespeed low = LOW high = HIGH
 +
HasSpecialCapacity name = "SPECIAL_NAME" low = LOW high = HIGH
 +
HasSpecialSinceTurn name = "SPECIAL_NAME" low = LOW high = HIGH
  
Matches objects with the appropriate meter values that are greater than or equal to LOW and less than HIGH.
+
Matches objects with the appropriate meter values that are greater than or equal to LOW and less than or equal to HIGH.  That is, LOW specifies the lowest allowed value of the meter, and HIGH specifies the highest allowed value.  Either of the LOW and HIGH parameters may be omitted, in which case there is no limit on the meter value in that direction.  For example, if only LOW is specified, there is no upper limit on the allowed meter value.
  
==Object Owner==
+
The HasSpecialCapacity uses the capacity meter of the special given as string name. The HasSpecialSinceTurn queries the turn a special was first set on an object.
  
OwnedBy affiliation = {EnemyOf|AllyOf|TheEmpire} empire = EMPIRE
+
==Object Owner / Producer==
OwnedExclusivelyBy
+
    affiliation = {EnemyOf|AllyOf|TheEmpire}
+
    empire = EMPIRE
+
  
Matches objects owned by (OwnedBy) or owned only by (OwnedExclusivelyBy) an empire with the indicated affiliation to the indicated id EMPIRE.  Typically EMPIRE is specified as a function of an object, such as Source.Owner, however a constant integer such as 2 may also be specified.
+
OwnedBy affiliation = {EnemyOf|AllyOf|TheEmpire|AnyEmpire} [empire = EMPIRE]
 +
 
 +
Matches objects owned by (OwnedBy) an empire with the indicated affiliation to the indicated id EMPIRE.  EMPIRE may be omitted with using AnyEmpire, which will match objects owned by any empire, regardless of what EMPIRE is specified (or not).  Typically EMPIRE is specified as a function of an object, such as Source.Owner, however a constant integer such as 2 may also be specified.
  
  
Line 592: Line 939:
  
 
Matches objects that are visible to the indicated empire(s).
 
Matches objects that are visible to the indicated empire(s).
 +
 +
 +
ProducedByEmpire empire = EMPIRE
 +
 +
Matches buildings or ships produced by the empire with id indicated by EMPIRE.  Typically EMPIRE is specified as a function of an object, such as Source.Owner, however a constant integer such as 2 may also be specified.  Note that ownership and who produced an object aren't necessary the same, particularly for buildings, which may be captured with planets from other empires.
 +
 +
==Ship Design==
 +
 +
Design name = "NAME"
 +
 +
Matches ships that have a design generated from the predefined designs in ship_designs/ or monster_designs/.
 +
 +
Design design = DESIGNID
 +
 +
Matches ships that have the specified ship design ID.  Most likely this would be Source.DesignID
 +
 +
DesignHasHull name = "NAME"
 +
 +
Matches ships that have the indicated hull in their design.
 +
 +
DesignHasPart low = LOW high = HIGH name = "NAME"
 +
 +
Matches ships that have >= LOW and < HIGH of the part NAME in their design.
 +
 +
DesignHasPartClass low = LOW high = HIGH class = CLASS
 +
 +
Matches ships that have >= LOW and < HIGH of parts of the indicated PartClass in their design.
 +
 +
Armed
 +
 +
Matches ships that have weapons.
 +
 +
Monster
 +
 +
Matches space monsters.
  
 
==Galaxy Map Position==
 
==Galaxy Map Position==
Line 608: Line 990:
  
 
Matches objects that are not moving.  The only objects that move are fleets and ships.  Objects are not stationary if they are going to move, so fleets ordered to move are not stationary, but fleets that arrive in a system are stationary on the turn after they arrive.
 
Matches objects that are not moving.  The only objects that move are fleets and ships.  Objects are not stationary if they are going to move, so fleets ordered to move are not stationary, but fleets that arrive in a system are stationary on the turn after they arrive.
 +
 +
ResupplyableBy empire = EMPIRE
 +
 +
Matched objects should be in systems where the empire with id EMPIRE can provide fleet supply.
 +
 +
ResourceSupplyConnected empire = EMPIRE condition = CONDITION
 +
 +
Matched objects should be in systems connected by resource sharing lines for the empire with id EMPIRE to at least one object that matches the sub-condition CONDITION. Objects outside systems shouldn't be matched, regardless of whether they're on a starlane that is connected to an object that matched the sub-condition.
 +
 +
==Conditional==
 +
 +
Conditional conditions are variants of some kind of "if". The only conditional condition we have currently is OrderedAlternativesOf, in some cases one can use the If statistic in ValueRef statements to get conditional results.
 +
 +
The OrderedAlternativesOf provides the ability to conditionally match the objects of the first condition inside of it which matches at least one local candidate.
 +
An example from FT_HANGAR_1 (Note that COMBAT_TARGETS_VISIBLE_ENEMY has to be repeated inside each single tier condition)
 +
<pre>    combatTargets = OrderedAlternativesOf [
 +
        // Target Bombers and Heavy Bombers first
 +
        And [
 +
            [[COMBAT_TARGETS_VISIBLE_ENEMY]]
 +
            Fighter
 +
            Or [
 +
              DesignHasPart name = "FT_HANGAR_3"
 +
              DesignHasPart name = "FT_HANGAR_4"
 +
            ]
 +
        ]
 +
        And [ [[COMBAT_TARGETS_VISIBLE_ENEMY]]  Fighter ]
 +
        // if no fighters: target enemy ships
 +
        And [ [[COMBAT_TARGETS_VISIBLE_ENEMY]]  [[COMBAT_TARGETS_NOT_DESTROYED_SHIP]] ]
 +
    ]</pre>
  
 
==Logical==
 
==Logical==
Line 666: Line 1,077:
 
==SetMeter==
 
==SetMeter==
  
Acting on ships:
+
# on planets
 +
SetTargetConstruction value = VALUE # not really in use
 +
SetTargetHappiness value = VALUE
 +
SetTargetIndustry value = VALUE
 
  SetTargetPopulation value = VALUE
 
  SetTargetPopulation value = VALUE
SetTargetHealth value = VALUE
 
SetTargetFarming value = VALUE
 
SetTargetIndustry value = VALUE
 
 
  SetTargetResearch value = VALUE
 
  SetTargetResearch value = VALUE
  SetTargetTrade value = VALUE
+
  SetTargetTrade value = VALUE # not in use
SetTargetMining value = VALUE
+
SetTargetConstruction value = VALUE
+
SetMaxFuel value = VALUE
+
SetMaxShield value = VALUE
+
SetMaxStructure value = VALUE
+
 
  SetMaxDefense value = VALUE
 
  SetMaxDefense value = VALUE
 +
SetMaxSupply value = VALUE
 +
SetMaxStockpile value = VALUE
 +
SetConstruction value = VALUE # not really in use
 +
SetDefense value = VALUE
 +
SetHappiness value = VALUE
 +
SetIndustry value = VALUE
 
  SetPopulation value = VALUE
 
  SetPopulation value = VALUE
SetHealth value = VALUE
 
SetFarming value = VALUE
 
SetIndustry value = VALUE
 
 
  SetResearch value = VALUE
 
  SetResearch value = VALUE
SetTrade value = VALUE
 
SetMining value = VALUE
 
SetConstruction value = VALUE
 
SetFuel value = VALUE
 
SetShield value = VALUE
 
SetStructure value = VALUE
 
SetDefense value = VALUE
 
SetFoodConsumption value = VALUE
 
 
  SetSupply value = VALUE
 
  SetSupply value = VALUE
  SetStealth value = VALUE
+
  SetTrade value = VALUE # not in use
 +
SetSize value = VALUE
 +
 
 +
# on planets and ships
 +
SetMaxShield value = VALUE
 +
SetMaxTroops value = VALUE
 
  SetDetection value = VALUE
 
  SetDetection value = VALUE
  SetBattleSpeed value = VALUE
+
  SetShield value = VALUE
  SetStarlaneSpeed value = VALUE
+
  SetStealth value = VALUE
 +
SetTroops value = VALUE
 +
 
 +
# on ships
 +
SetMaxFuel value = VALUE
 +
SetMaxStructure value = VALUE
 +
SetFuel value = VALUE
 +
SetSpeed value = VALUE
 +
SetStructure value = VALUE
  
 
Param Type:
 
Param Type:
Line 714: Line 1,128:
 
The value "Value" always refers to the present value of the meter being set, allowing incremental changes to meter values without the cumbersome use of references to the Target such as "Target.FoodConsumption" (for the Target's food consumption meter) which would instead be just "Value" when using the SetFoodConsumption effect.
 
The value "Value" always refers to the present value of the meter being set, allowing incremental changes to meter values without the cumbersome use of references to the Target such as "Target.FoodConsumption" (for the Target's food consumption meter) which would instead be just "Value" when using the SetFoodConsumption effect.
  
When a "max" (eg. MaxStructure) or "target" (eg. TargetPopulation) meter value, or another meter for which there is no associated "max" or "target" meter (eg. Stealth), the change is non-presistant.  This means that every turn, the meter is reset to 0, and all effects must re-act on the meter for it to retain a consistent value.  If on a subsequent turn, the effect does not at on that target, the meter value will return to its previous value (or whatever value all other effects acting on it produce).
+
When a "max" (eg. MaxStructure) or "target" (eg. TargetPopulation) meter value, or another meter for which there is no associated "max" or "target" meter (eg. Stealth), the change is non-persistent.  This means that every turn, the meter is reset to 0, and all effects must re-act on the meter for it to retain a consistent value.  If on a subsequent turn, the effect does not at on that target, the meter value will return to its previous value (or whatever value all other effects acting on it produce).
  
When a meter (eg. Structure) has an associated "max" or "target" meter (eg. MaxStructure), the meter value IS persistant.  Repeatedly applying the same effect every turn will accumulate.  If an effect reduced an object's Health meter by -2 every turn, the 2nd turn would have a net -4 reduction, the 3rd turn would have a net -6 reduction, etc.  If an effect alters such a meter once, then does not act again, the meter stays reduced, until other effects increase or decrease it, or it increases or decreases itself over time towards its associated target or max value.
+
When a meter (eg. Structure) has an associated "max" or "target" meter (eg. MaxStructure), the meter value IS persistent.  Repeatedly applying the same effect every turn will accumulate.  If an effect reduced an object's Health meter by -2 every turn, the 2nd turn would have a net -4 reduction, the 3rd turn would have a net -6 reduction, etc.  If an effect alters such a meter once, then does not act again, the meter stays reduced, until other effects increase or decrease it, or it increases or decreases itself over time towards its associated target or max value.
  
 +
==SetShipPartMeter==
  
 
+
Acting on ships:
==SetEmpireStockpile==
+
SetMaxCapacity      (set capacity max meter)
 
+
SetMaxDamage        (set capacity max meter - this may do the wrong thing for hangar parts)
  SetOwnerFoodStockpile value = VALUE
+
  SetMaxSecondaryStat (set secondary capacity max meter)
  SetOwnerMineralStockpile value = VALUE
+
  SetCapacity        (set capacity meter)
  SetOwnerTradeStockpile value = VALUE
+
  SetDamage          (set capacity meter - this may do the wrong thing for hangar parts)
 
+
  SetSecondaryStat    (set secondary capacity meter)
Param Type:
+
  VALUE double
+
 
+
Sets the empire stockpile of STOCKPILE of the target's owning empire to VALUE. If the target does not have exactly one owner, nothing is done.
+
  
 
==SetOwnerCapitol==
 
==SetOwnerCapitol==
Line 762: Line 1,173:
 
* Changing size to Asteroids or GasGiant will also cause the type to change to Asteroids or GasGiant, respectively.
 
* Changing size to Asteroids or GasGiant will also cause the type to change to Asteroids or GasGiant, respectively.
  
==AddOwner==
+
==SetOwner==
 
+
AddOwner empire = EMPIRE
+
 
+
Param Type:
+
EMPIRE int
+
 
+
Adds empire EMPIRE_ID as an owner of the target.
+
* Has no effect if EMPIRE_ID was already an owner of the target object.
+
 
+
==RemoveOwner==
+
  
  RemoveOwner empire = EMPIRE
+
  SetOwner empire = EMPIRE
  
 
Param Type:
 
Param Type:
 
  EMPIRE int
 
  EMPIRE int
  
Removes empire EMPIRE_ID as an owner of the target.
+
Sets empire EMPIRE_ID as the owner of the target.
* Has no effect if EMPIRE_ID was not already an owner of the target object.  
+
* Has no effect if EMPIRE_ID was already the owner of the target object.
  
 
==CreatePlanet==
 
==CreatePlanet==
Line 800: Line 1,201:
  
 
Creates a new building at the location indicated by the target object.  If the target object is not a planet, nothing is done.
 
Creates a new building at the location indicated by the target object.  If the target object is not a planet, nothing is done.
 +
 +
==CreateShip==
 +
 +
CreateShip
 +
    designname = "NAME"
 +
    empire = EMPIREID
 +
    species = "SPECIES"
 +
 +
ParamTypes
 +
NAME string_constant
 +
EMPIREID int_constant
 +
SPECIES string_constant
 +
 +
Creates a new shipat the location of the target object.  The design of the new ship is indicated by the NAME parameter, which looks up the design in premade_ship_designs.txt in the default folder.  EMPIREID is the id of the empire who should own the newly created ship, which is probably the id of something related to the source or target objects.  SPECIES is the name of the species which should crew the newly created ship, which can be something related to target or source objects, or an explicit species name.
  
 
==Destroy==
 
==Destroy==
Line 809: Line 1,224:
 
* The Destroy effect will not destroy a System object, although any other objects in or outside a system can be destroyed.
 
* The Destroy effect will not destroy a System object, although any other objects in or outside a system can be destroyed.
 
* Destroy effects are executed after all other effects.
 
* Destroy effects are executed after all other effects.
 +
* Destroying a fleet will destroy its ships.
 +
* Destroying all the ships in a fleet will destroy the fleet.
 +
* Destroying a planet will destroy its buildings.
  
 
==AddSpecial==
 
==AddSpecial==
Line 815: Line 1,233:
  
 
Param Type:
 
Param Type:
  NAME string
+
  NAME string_constant
  
 
Adds the Special with the name NAME to the target object.
 
Adds the Special with the name NAME to the target object.
 +
* Note that using a wrong NAME/a NAME for which no special is specified is possible but will lead to strange behaviours
 +
* You can retrieve the turn a Special was added using the SpecialAddedOnTurn complex variable
  
 
==RemoveSpecial==
 
==RemoveSpecial==
Line 824: Line 1,244:
  
 
Param Type:
 
Param Type:
  NAME string
+
  NAME string_constant
  
 
Removes the Special with the name NAME to the target object.
 
Removes the Special with the name NAME to the target object.
* Has no effect if no such Special was already attached to the target object.  
+
* Has no effect if no such Special was already attached to the target object.
 +
 
 +
==SetSpecialCapacity==
 +
 
 +
SetSpecialCapacity name = "NAME" capacity = NUMBER
 +
 
 +
Param Type:
 +
NAME string_constant
 +
NUMBER double (ValueRef)
 +
 
 +
Sets the capacity of Special with the name NAME to the given NUMBER.
 +
* Adds the Special if no such Special was already attached to the target object.
 +
* If such a Special was attached, this won't change the since turn value (queried by HasSpecialSinceTurn)
 +
* Object candidates can be filtered using the HasSpecialCapacity condition
 +
* The special's capacity value can be retrieved using the SpecialCapacity complex variable
  
 
==SetStarType==
 
==SetStarType==
Line 860: Line 1,294:
 
* Any target object moved to the location of a system will be inserted into that system.
 
* Any target object moved to the location of a system will be inserted into that system.
  
==Tech Availability==
+
==Techs==
  
  GiveTechToOwner name = "NAME"
+
  GiveEmpireTech name = "NAME"
  RevokeTechFromOwner name = "NAME"
+
  GiveEmpireTech name = "NAME" empire = EMPIRE
UnlockTechItemsForOwner name = "NAME"
+
LockTechItemsForOwner name = "NAME"
+
  
 
Param Type:
 
Param Type:
  NAME string
+
  NAME string_constant
 +
EMPIRE integer ID of empire (such as Target.Owner which is the default if this parameter is omitted).
  
GiveTechToOwner and RevokeTechFromOwner makes the owner of the target object instantly research or unresearch the tech with the given name.  A granted tech acts just as though it had been researched normally, and if a tech is revoked, the empire functions as if that tech had not been researched.  Techs that have revoked techs as direct prerequisites cannot be researched, but already-researched techs whose prerequisites are revoked continue to be researched and function normally.  Effects and unlocked items of revoked techs do not function and are re-locked, respectively.
+
GiveEmpireTech gives the indicated empire the indicated tech. After this, the result should be the same as if the empire had researched that tech.
  
UnlockTechItemsForOwner and LockTechItemsForOwner unlock and lock the unlocked items of a tech. This should function regardless of whether the tech in question has been researched.  If more than one tech unlocks the same item, the most recent locking or unlocking overrides all previous unlockings or lockings.
+
 
 +
  SetEmpireTechProgress name = "NAME" progress = PROGRESS
 +
SetEmpireTechProgress name = "NAME" progress = PROGRESS empire = EMPIRE
 +
 
 +
Param Type:
 +
NAME string_constant
 +
PROGRESS double
 +
EMPIRE integer ID of empire
 +
 
 +
SetEmpireTechProgress sets the amount of research points (RP) the indicated empire has accumulated towards researching the indicated tech (limited to between 0 and the total RP cost of the tech).
  
 
==Victory==
 
==Victory==
Line 879: Line 1,321:
  
 
Param Type
 
Param Type
  REASON string
+
  REASON string_constant
  
Victory causes the owner of the target object to win the game.  Losing human players (which is any player who has not won on the turn a player wins) are ejected from the game.  The string REASON is displayed in a popup to all players, with the name of the winning empire inserted as the %1% parameter to the string.
+
Victory causes the owner of the target object to win the game.  Losing human players (which is any player who has not won on the turn a player wins) are ejected from the game.  The string REASON is d_constantisplayed in a popup to all players, with the name of the winning empire inserted as the %1% parameter to the string.
 +
 
 +
==AddStarlanes and RemoveStarlanes==
 +
 
 +
AddStarlanes endpoint = CONDITION
 +
RemoveStarlanes endpoint = CONDITION
 +
 
 +
Param Type
 +
CONDITION condition
 +
 
 +
AddStarlanes adds starlanes between the target system and any system containing an object that matches CONDITION.  RemoveStarlanes removes starlanes between the target system and any system containing an object that matches CONDITIONS.  Adding a starlanes where one already exists, or removing a starlane wher none exists does nothing.
 +
 
 +
==MoveTo==
 +
 
 +
MoveTo destination = CONDITION
 +
 
 +
Param Type
 +
CONDITION condition
 +
 
 +
MoveTo moves the target object to the location of the / one of the objects matched by the CONDITION parameter.
 +
 
 +
==SetDestination==
 +
 
 +
SetDestination destination = CONDITION
 +
 
 +
Param Type
 +
CONDITION condition
 +
 
 +
SetDestination sets the travel route of the target fleet to be the shortest path for the target to move to an object that matches the CONDITION parameter.  If multiple objects match CONDITION, one is chosen.  If the target fleet can't move to the chosen object, nothing is done.  The shortest path for the object may depend on the empire that owns it (if any).
 +
 
 +
==SetAggression==
 +
 
 +
SetAggressive
 +
SetPassive
 +
 
 +
SetAggressive marks a fleet as aggressive, meaning it will block enemy supply, and engage any enemy fleets or planets in its system. SetPassive marks a fleet as passive, meaning it will not block supply or initiate combat. Remaining passive may be useful for staying hidden in a system (if stealthy) or to make non-aggressive monster types not attack player fleets.
 +
 
 +
==SetSpecies==
 +
 
 +
SetSpecies name = "NAME"
 +
 
 +
Param Type
 +
NAME string_constant
 +
 
 +
SetSpecies sets the species of the target ship or planet to the indicated species NAME.
 +
 
 +
==SetVisibility==
 +
 
 +
The following details for this Effect correspond to the modifications currently proposed in [https://github.com/freeorion/freeorion/pull/1764 PR 1764], please note some constraints/complications regarding priority and timing of evaluation as discussed in the PR.
 +
 
 +
SetVisibility {affilition = AFFILIATION} {empire = EMPIRE} visibility = VISIBILITY {condition = CONDITION}
 +
 
 +
Param Type
 +
AFFILIATION optionally specifies an empire affiliation. Defaults to TheEmpire if an empire ID is specified, or AnyEmpire if no empire ID is specified.
 +
EMPIRE optionally specifies an Int ValueRef specifying an empire ID, which is used with the affiliation to determine which empire's visibility/ies to set. Defaults to an invalid empire ID if none is specified, which will work with affiliations that aren't relative to a particular empire.
 +
VALUEREF A Visibility type ValueRef, can include expressions like max(Value, V) where Value refers to the current visibility
 +
CONDITION optionally condition specifies the object(s) whose visibility is to be set. If no condition is specified, the effect target object's visibility is set.
  
 
==Effect Evaluation & Application Ordering==
 
==Effect Evaluation & Application Ordering==
  
Effects are evaluated and then applied while processing a FreeOrion turn. When this happens, <i>all</i> EffectsGroups' activation and scope conditions are evaluated before <i>any</i> effects are applied. The order of effects application is as follows: effects from Specials, then effects from Techs, then effects from Buildings, then effects from Ship Hulls, then effects from Ship Parts. The order of execution of Effects within these groups is deterministic, though not controllable.
+
Effects are evaluated and then applied while processing a FreeOrion turn. When this happens, <i>all</i> EffectsGroups' activation and scope conditions are evaluated before <i>any</i> effects are applied. The order of effects application is determined primarily by their specified Priority (beginning at 0), and for EffectsGroups sharing the same Priority number their secondary ordering is determined by their source/cause, as follows: effects from Species, then effects from Specials, then effects from Techs, then effects from Buildings, then effects from Ship Hulls, then effects from Ship Parts. The order of execution of Effects within these groups is deterministic, though not controllable. Multiple effects scripted into the same item will be evaluated in the order in which they appear.
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Scripting]]

Revision as of 14:24, 20 March 2019

This page augments the FOCS Scripting Tutorial (which should be reviewed first) and describes in more detail the scripting language used to describe much of the content of FreeOrion. This language is sometimes referred to as the FreeOrion Content Script, or "FOCS". Scripted content includes scripted descriptions of technology, buildings, and specials. These content files are text files, but some of them include special characters and therefor when editing them a somewhat more advanced editor is necessary. For example, on Windows, the Notepad and Wordpad editors can cause trouble, but the third party NotePad++ editor should be fine. An added benefit of using NotePad++ is that one of our contributors has made an add-on to help with the FOCS syntax.

Contents

Content Files

FreeOrion content is described in content files located in the /default subdirectory of the main FreeOrion game directory (typically 'C:\Freeorion').

Directory                | Contents
--------------------+--------------------------------------
techs               | Tech Categories and Technologies
buildings           | Buildings
specials            | Specials
ship_hulls          | Ship Hulls
ship_parts          | Ship Parts
species             | Species
ship_designs        | Ship Designs
monster_designs     | ShipDesigns to use as space monsters

The files in these directories contain descriptions of individual entries of their respective contents. buildings/ contains files with "BuildingType" descriptions (see below). specials/ contains "Special" descriptions. techs/ contains tech category and tech descriptions. When there are multiple entries in a single file, the ordering of entries in the files do not matter. Files can be organized into sub-directories as needed, for example ship_parts might contain a directory for weapon entries.

The primary building blocks used to specify the above types of FreeOrion content are ValueRefs (value references), Conditions, and EffectsGroups (which contain Effects and Conditions). Effects change the game state and thereby give buildings, techs and specials their in-game purpose. Conditions act to filter a starting set of objects to a smaller set (which might sometimes wind up being one or none). In EffectsGroups Conditions determine if (the activation condition) and on what (the scope condition) effects act. Conditions also have a few other uses, such as determining where buildings or ship parts or hulls can be produced, and where species focus settings can be used; they are also used within some of the more advanced ValueRefs. ValueRefs provide values used by the other portions of the script. Sometimes that might be a simple constant, like three, which the scripter would simply write as "3". Other times that might be a dynamic value such as the current game turn number, scripted as "CurrentTurn". In other cases that might be something much more complex, such as the number of monsters within two starlane jumps of a given system; the syntax for such value references is described farther below.

Scripting Format

In FOCS, whitespace (spaces, tabs, and line endings) is only for the visual clarity of the script, and capitalization is ignored for everything outside of quotes.

Words in quotes, eg. "NAME" are case-sensitive names of scripted content items such as techs, buildings, or specials. The names of the items are defined in their description by their line:

name = "NAME"

These items may be referred to in other items' descriptions by "NAME". This might typically be done when unlocking a building with a tech, or adding or checking for the presence of a special to or on an object.

Comments may be added to files using c/c++-style comment blocks. Anything in such blocks will be ignored when parsing the content files. Anything after "/*" will be ignored until the next occurrence of "*/" (even if it occurs several lines later), and anything on a line after "//" will be ignored.

In the FOCS descriptions below, the fixed portion of the FOCS specifications are in lower case or MixedCase; things written in ALLCAPS are placeholders for scripted subcontent. That type of any such piece of scripted subcontent below is specified either as a Condition, an Effect, an EffectsGroup, a string, an int (integer), or a double (a "real" number such as 2.4). In many cases, any such string, int or double can be provided either as a simple constant or as a more complicated scripted ValueRef. In any situations where a plain constant is required (but not a ValueRef), we endeavor to specify those values as string_constant, int_constant and double_constant.

Specification Components

There are a number of specification components that are used by multiple different content types, and some that are particular to a specific kind of content. The more common components are described first below.

ValueRef

A ValueRef is a type of FOCS construction which gets evaluated to provide a value, and which may reference various objects and which may have conditional aspects; their structure is described in more detail below. The most common types are string (text) ValueRefs (which generally evaluate to the name of something, such as a species name "SP_HUMAN"), integer ValueRefs (which evaluate to an integer, such as 42), and double ValueRefs (which evaluate to a "double", a programming term for a "real" number, i.e., it may have a decimal point, such as 3.5). Some ValueRefs may evaluate to a kind of FO-specific value such as a PlanetEnvironment or PlanetSize; it may be helpful to think of these as a string or number for which a limited group of values are acceptable.

Condition

A FOCS Condition acts as a kind of filter on objects in the FO universe. Conditions start with a set of objects, and return subsets of this set according to whether the objects meet the criteria of the condition. Just what that starting set of objects is depends on where the Condition is used, and is discussed more below. There are many different types of FOCS Conditions, and their structures are also explained further below.

Name Specification

  name = "NAME"

Param Type:

  NAME    string_constant

When displayed to a user, the name will normally be used as a key/label for which a value will be looked up in a stringtable (to enable translation); the raw FOCS name strings themselves are by convention written in ALL_CAPS_WITH_UNDERSCORES. They should generally be unique to that particular piece of content-- even if both pieces of content might be suitably translated to the same name in English, that might not be the case for other languages. As examples, the name of the first refinement of the first tier of short range weapon parts (which is currently called "Mass Driver 1" in English) is specified as

  name = "SR_WEAPON_1_1"

Description Specification

  description = "DESCRIPTION"

Param Type:

  DESCRIPTION    string_constant

As with the name, the description is normally used as a key/label to be looked up in a stringtable, an example (specifically, for Mass Driver 1), would be

  description = "SR_WEAPON_1_1_DESC"

BuildCost Specification

   buildcost = BUILDCOST

Param Type:

  BUILDCOST    double (ValueRef)

BuildTime Specification

   buildtime = BUILDTIME

Param Type:

  BUILDTIME    integer (ValueRef)


Location Specification

   location = LOCATION

Param Type:

  LOCATION    Condition

In general, the Location specification constrains where/when the respective content can be built, or in the case of a Focus, be used. More detail is provided below for the various particular content types that use a Location specification. For things that can be built, if the item is under construction and the Location condition ceases to evaluate to True, then progress on the construction halts until such time as the Location condition again becomes True.

EnqueueLocation Specification

   EnqueueLocation = ENQUEUELOCATION

Param Type:

  ENQUEUELOCATION    Condition

The EnqueueLocation condition sets the constraining condition under which the respective content (or a ship design using the content) may be placed on the Build Queue. If not explicitly specified, the EnqueueLocation condition will default to be the same as the Location condition. The EnqueueLocation is only evaluated at the time of placing the item on the queue; it need not remain true (and so, for example, may prohibit that the subject content is already enqueued at that location).

EffectsGroup Specification

EffectsGroup

  description = "DESCRIPTION" [optional -- may be left out]
  scope = CONDITION
  activation = CONDITION [optional -- may be left out]
  stackinggroup = "STACKINGGROUP" [optional -- may be left out]
  accountinglabel = "ACCOUNTINGLABEL" [optional -- may be left out]
  priority = PRIORITY [optional -- omission defaults to 100]
  effects = {EFFECT|[
      EFFECT
      EFFECT
      EFFECT
  ]}

Param Types:

DESCRIPTION      string_constant
SCOPE            Condition
ACTIVATION       Condition
STACKINGGROUP    string_constant
ACCOUNTINGLABEL  string_constant
PRIORITY         int_constant
EFFECT           Effect

Describes the mechanism by which game content such as Techs, Buildings or Specials interacts with and alters the game state.

  • Consists primarily of:
    • One or more Effects
    • A "SCOPE" condition which indicates the objects in the scope of the Effect(s). The scope objects are those that are acted on by the effects in the effects group, i.e., what the targets of the effects are.
    • An "ACTIVATION" condition (assessed specifically against the Source) which indicates whether or not the Effect(s) will be executed on the objects in scope during the current turn. The default if the activation clause is left out, is to be on/active.

For scope conditions, the entire game universe (or rather, all objects in it) are the initial set. For activation conditions, the initial set is the source object of the effects group. This allows an EffectsGroup to be activated or suppressed based on the source object only (the object to which the EffectsGroup is attached). If the source object meets the activation condition, the EffectsGroup will be active in the current turn.

  • The translated stringtable entry in "DESCRIPTION" is amended to the source objects description (at the time of this writing, only for specials and species).
  • An EffectsGroup's stacking group determines when it should affect a specific target; if that target has already been affected by another EffectsGroup with the same stacking group, all EffectsGroups after the first have no effect on the target that turn. For instance, if an EffectsGroup is in a stacking group "WONDER_FARM_BONUS", and executes on a target object, no other EffectsGroup in the "WONDER_FARM_BONUS" stacking group will affect it on that turn.
  • The presence of "ACCOUNTINGLABEL" being specified indicates this effect should be accounted for with the supplied stringtable entry. This is typically used in providing feedback to the player, accounting for this EffectsGroup among the totals of effected meters.
  • "PRIORITY" is the order of the EffectsGroup processing. Processing starts from 0, with all EffectsGroups of the same priority executing before any of a later priority. This value must be an int and is specifically NOT a ValueRef ('1 + 1' is not allowed). Information on reference priority values, and the relative priorities of the set of population effects, can be found at our EffectsGroup Priority Standard Values page.

Content Specifications

Common Params

Where noted, content specifications include these common parameters:

  buildcost = BUILDCOST
  buildtime = BUILDTIME               [optional -- may be left out]
  {Unproducable | Producable}         [optional -- omission defaults to Producable]
  tags = [ "TAG" "TAG" ... ]          [optional -- may be left out]
  location = LOCATION                 [optional -- omission defaults to All]
  EnqueueLocation = ENQUEUE           [optional -- omission defaults to All]
  Consumption = CONSUMPTION           [optional -- may be left out]
  effectsgroups = {EFFECTSGROUP|[     [optional -- may be left out]
       EFFECTSGROUP
       EFFECTSGROUP
       ...
  ]}

Param Types:

BUILDCOST         double
BUILDTIME         int
TAG               string_constant
LOCATION          Condition
ENQUEUE           Condition
CONSUMPTION       Consumption
EFFECTSGROUP      EffectsGroup

Special Specification

Special

  name = "NAME"
  description = "DESCRIPTION"
  stealth = STEALTH                   [optional -- may be left out]
  spawnrate = SPAWNRATE
  spawnlimit = SPAWNLIMIT             [optional -- may be left out]
  capacity = CAPACITY                 [optional -- may be left out]
  location = LOCATION                 [optional -- may be left out]
  effectsgroups = {EFFECTSGROUP|[     [optional -- may be left out]
       EFFECTSGROUP
       EFFECTSGROUP
       ...
  ]}
  graphic = GRAPHICFILENAME

Param Types:

NAME               string_constant
DESCRIPTION        string_constant
STEALTH            double
SPAWNRATE          double
SPAWNLIMIT         int
CAPACITY           double
LOCATION           Condition
EFFECTSGROUP       EffectsGroup
GRAPHICFILENAME    string_constant

A specification for a Special, which is a definition of a predefined set of EffectsGroups with a unique name, which may be attached to an object in-game.

  • Specials used in the game are stored within specials.
    • specials contains general specials that may be applied to objects using the AddSpecial effect.

BuildingType Specification

BuildingType

   name = "NAME"
   description = "DESCRIPTION"
   captureresult = CAPTURERESULT      [optional -- omission defaults to capture]
   (common params)
   icon = "ICONFILENAME"

Param Types:

NAME             string_constant
DESCRIPTION      string_constant
CAPTURERESULT    CaptureResult
ICONFILENAME     string_constant

A specification for a building of a certain type.

  • BuildingTypes must each have a unique name.
  • BuildingTypes used in the game are stored within buildings.
  • The noteTemplate:CN about Special name and description text also applies to BuildingTypes.
  • ICONFILENAME should be relative to the art directory. So it should appear in the form "foo/bar.png" instead of "default/data/art/foo/bar.png".

Item Specification

Item type = TYPE name = "NAME"

Param Types:

TYPE             UnlockableItemType
NAME             string_constant

A specification for an unlockable item.

  • Item definitions appear within Tech definitions.
  • type defines the kind of thing to be unlocked, e.g. a Building, ShipHull, ShipPart, or Tech.
  • name is the name of the specific item of that kind to be unlocked, e.g. a "WonderFarm" building or a "MegaLaser" ship part.
  • The noteTemplate:CN about Special and BuildingType name and description text also applies to Items.

Tech Category

TechCategory name = "NAME" graphic = "GRAPHIC" colour = COLOUR

Param Type:

NAME string
GRAPHIC string_constant
COLOUR colour

Specifies a technology category.

  • Techs are displayed by category in the UI
  • A category must be defined in Categories.inf before a tech in that category may be defined.

Colour Specification

(RED, GREEN, BLUE, ALPHA)

Param Type:

RED    int_constant
GREEN  int_constant
BLUE   int_constant
ALPHA  int_constant

Specifies a colour.

  • Brackets must surround the colour component numbers, which must also be separated by commas.
  • Colour components are specified in the range [0, 255]
  • Example: in a TechCategory definition, one might write:
colour = (116, 225, 107, 255)

FocusType Specification

FocusType
    name = "NAME"
    description = "DESCRIPTION"
    location = "CONDITION"
    graphic = "GRAPHICFILENAME"

Specifies a focus setting for a planet.

  • Within each species, each FocusType must have a unique name. Two different species may have (the same or different) FocusTypes with the same name, however.
  • The location condition determines which planets on which the FocusType can be used.
  • The graphic determines the icon used to represent the FocusType in the UI.

Tech Specification

Tech
   name = "NAME"
   description = "DESCRIPTION"
   short_description = "SHORT_DESCRIPTION"
   category = "CATEGORY"
   researchcost = RESEARCHCOST
   researchturns = RESEARCHTURNS
   {Unrsearchable | Researchable}              [optional -- omission defaults to Researchable]
   Tags = [ "TAG" "TAG" ... ]                  [optional -- may be left out]
   prerequisites = {"NAME"|[                   [optional -- may be left out]
       "NAME"
       "NAME"
       ...
   ]}
   unlock = {ITEM|[                            [optional -- may be left out]
       ITEM
       ITEM
       ...
   ]}
   effectsgroups = {EFFECTSGROUP|[             [optional -- may be left out]
        EFFECTSGROUP
        EFFECTSGROUP
        EFFECTSGROUP
   ]}
   graphic = "GRAPHICFILENAME"

Param Types:

NAME               string_constant
DESCRIPTION        string_constant
SHORT_DESCRIPTION  string_constant
CATEGORY           string_constant
RESEARCHCOST       double
RESEARCHTURNS      int
TAG                string_constant
NAME               string_constant
ITEM               Item
EFFECTSGROUP       EffectsGroup

A specification for a technology.

  • Techs must each have a unique name.
  • Each tech may optionally have one or more EffectsGroups associated with it.
    • Tech EffectsGroups are use as their source object the capitol planet of the empire that researches the tech.
  • All of a tech's prerequisites must be known before a Tech can be researched.
  • The noteTemplate:CN about Special and BuildingType name and description text also applies to Tech names, descriptions, and category names.
  • GRAPHICFILENAME should be relative to the art directory. So it should appear in the form "foo/bar.png" instead of "default/data/art/foo/bar.png".
  • Techs used in the game are stored within techs. These files include examples of theory techs with no effects or unlocked items, as well as applications that unlock buildings or which have effects of their own.
  • The Source for all EffectsGroups in a Tech is the Empire Source (generally the Capital), as discussed in the Source section.

Ship Hull Specification

Hull
   name = "NAME"
   description = "DESCRIPTION"
   speed = BATTLESPEED
   fuel = FUEL
   stealth = STEALTH
   structure = STRUCTURE
   slots = [                                       [optional -- may be left out]
       Slot type = SLOTTYPE position = (X, Y)
       ...
   ]
   (common params)
   icon = "ICONFILENAME"
   graphic = "GRAPHICFILENAME"

Param Types:

NAME               string_constant
DESCRIPTION        string_constant
BATTLESPEED        double
FUEL               double
STEALTH            double
STRUCTURE          double
SLOTTYPE           ShipSlotType
X, Y               double, double
ICONFILENAME       string_constant
GRAPHICFILENAME    string_constant

A specification for a ship hull.

  • Hulls must each have a unique name.
  • Each hull may optionally have one or more EffectsGroups associated with it.
    • Hull EffectsGroups are use as their source object the ship in which the hull is located.
  • ShipSlotTypes are currently: External, Internal, and Core. These can be combined within brackets and separated by a pipe ( [EXTERNAL|INTERNAL] )
  • X, Y are the coordinates to place the slot (overlaying the hull) in the ship design window.
  • The noteTemplate:CN about Special and BuildingType name and description text also applies to Hull names and descriptions.
  • ICONFILENAME and GRAPHICFILENAME should be relative to the art directory. So it should appear in the form "foo/bar.png" instead of "default/data/art/foo/bar.png".
  • Hulls used in the game are stored in ship_hulls.

Ship Part Specification

Part
   name = "NAME"
   description = "DESCRIPTION"
   class = CLASS
   { capacity | damage } = PRIMARY    [optional -- defaults to 0.0 -- see ShipPartClass]
   { damage | shots } = SECONDARY     [optional -- defaults to 1.0 -- see ShipPartClass]
   NoDefaultCapacityEffect            [optional --  omission leaves the normal default capacity]
   mountableSlotTypes = {SLOTTYPE|[
        SLOTTYPE
        ...
   ]}
   (common params)
   icon = "ICONFILENAME"

Param Types:

NAME               string_constant
DESCRIPTION        string_constant
CLASS              ShipPartClass
PRIMARY            double
SECONDARY          double
SLOTTYPE           ShipSlotType
ICONFILENAME       string_constant


A specification for a ship part.

  • Parts must each have a unique name.
  • Each part may optionally have one or more EffectsGroups associated with it.
    • Part EffectsGroups are use as their source object the ship in which the part is located.
  • The noteTemplate:CN about Special and BuildingType name and description text also applies to Part names and descriptions.
  • ICONFILENAME should be relative to the art directory. So it should appear in the form "foo/bar.png" instead of "default/data/art/foo/bar.png".
  • Parts used in the game are stored in ship_parts].

Ship Part Class, Stats and PartMeters

Each class of ship parts defines a primary stat and may also define a secondary stat. Some have associated ship part meters (One meter value per ship object and ship part meter type). Possible ship part meter types are: Capacity, MaxCapacity, SecondaryStat, and MaxSecondaryStat.

Most parts classes (Armour, Bombard, Detection, Fuel, General, Shield, Speed, Stealth) only have a primary stat of capacity an no associated meter.

Troops and Colony part types have a primary capacity stat with associated Capacity meter.

FighterHangar has a primary stat of capacity and a secondary of damage (number of boats, damage of each boat's attack) and the associated MaxCapacity and MaxSecondaryStat meters.

Direct fire weapons (which only contains ShortRange currently) have a primary stat of damage and a secondary of shots.
shots determines how many times the weapon will fire each combat round.

LaunchBay parts have a capacity stat with associated (Max)Capacity meters which specifies how many space boats may launch per combat turn.

The meter value for a ship can be accessed using the ShipPartMeter part = "PART_NAME" meter = METER_TYPE object = SHIP_ID double complex variable. See above for which meters exist for which part class. Also note you can use Value(ShipPartMeter) to get the immediate/non-initial value. Defaults to 0.0

In the source code, the ship meters and ship part meters are defined in the Ship::Ship constructor in universe/Ship.cpp

Species Specification

Species
   name = "NAME"
   description = "DESCRIPTION"
   gameplay_description = "GAMEPLAY_DESCRIPTION"
   Playable                                      [optional -- defaults to not playable]
   Native                                        [optional -- defaults to not native]
   CanProduceShips                               [optional -- defaults to cannot produce ships]
   CanColonize                                   [optional -- defaults to cannot colonize]
   tags = ["TAG" "TAG" ...]                      [optional]
   foci = {FOCUSTYPE|[                           [optional -- may be left out]
       FOCUSTYPE
       ...
   ]}
   preferredfocus = "FOCUS"                      [optional]
   effectsgroups = {EFFECTSGROUP|[               [optional -- may be left out]
        EFFECTSGROUP
        EFFECTSGROUP
        ...
   ]}
   environments = {PLANETTYPEENVIRONMENT         [optional -- may be left out]
       PLANETTYPEENVIRONMENT
       PLANETTYPEENVIRONMENT
       ...
   ]}
   graphic = "GRAPHICFILENAME"

Param Types:

NAME                   string_constant
DESCRIPTION            string_constant
GAMEPLAY_DESCRIPTION   string_constant
TAG                    string_constant
FOCUSTYPE              FocusType
FOCUS                  string_constant
EFFECTSGROUP           EffectsGroup
PLANETTYPEENVIRONMENT  (see below)
GRAPHICFILENAME        string_constant
  • Species must have a unique name.
  • PLANETTYPEENVIRONMENT has format:
type = PLANETTYPE environment = ENVIRONMENT

with param types:

PLANETTYPE         PlanetType
ENVIRONMENT        PlanetEnvironment

ShipDesign Specification

ShipDesign
   name = "NAME"
   description = "DESCRIPTION"
   NoStringTableLookup               [optional -- omission leaves default behavior]
   hull = "HULLTYPE"
   parts = [                         [see note below]
       "PARTTYPE"                    
       "PARTTYPE"
       ...
   ]
   icon = "ICONFILENAME"
   model = "MODELNAME"

Param Types:

NAME                string_constant
DESCRIPTION         string_constant
HULLTYPE            ShipHullType
PARTTYPE            string_constant
ICONFILENAME        string_constant
MODELNAME           string_constant
  • ShipDesign must have a unique name
  • PARTTYPE corresponds to the same ordered entry for each slot in HULLTYPE.
    • There must be the same number of PARTTYPEs as there are slots, but the PARTTYPE may be left empty ( "" ).
    • PARTTYPE must be compatible with the ShipSlotType for that slot.
  • ICONFILENAME and MODELNAME should be relative to the art directory.

Types and Expressions (ValueRefs)

In the Conditions and Effects below, there are parameters that specify details about how the condition or effect functions. These parameters can be specified as a constant number (eg. 5) or value (Blue), or can be variables that depend on the gamestate. Variables may refer to the Source, Target, RootCandidate or LocalCandidate objects (see below), a few independent values such as the number of the current game turn, or may refer to statistics about the gamestate that are calculated from multiple objects.

Source, Target, RootCandidate, LocalCandidate

ValueRefs, Conditions and Effects are evaluated in light of an automatically generated Scripting Context, which specifies one or more of a Source, Target, RootCandidate, and LocalCandidate. The way these get automatically generated depends on what content type is being evaluated.

For an Effect, the Source object is the object to which the Effect is attached. For example, a building might have an effect that increases a planet's industry meter. When defining that building's effects, the building itself would be the Source object. Regarding using "Source" as a Condition, as is common when specifying a scope, see the Conditions Section below.

The Target object of an Effect is the object that the Effect is modifying. In an effect that modifies a planet's industry meter, the planet would be the Target object.

The objects being tested by Conditions are candidates, and for reference within the scripts these are broadly divided into two types relating to the potentially multi-tiered nature of Conditions. Consider the following EffectsGroup scope condition:

 scope = WithinDistance distance = 5 condition = And [
   Planet
   OwnedBy TheEmpire RootCandidate.Owner
   Construction low = 0 high = LocalCandidate.TargetConstruction / 2
 ]

Here there are two sets of objects being matched: 1) The objects actually being matched for the scope. These are objects within distance 5 of an object matched by the subcondition. 2) The objects matched by the subcondition, which are used to evaluate the outer condition. These are planets that are owned by the same empire that owns the object matched in the outer condition, and that have less than half their own target construction.

RootCandidate refers to the object being matched in the outer-most condition - WithinDistance in this case. This gives a way to refer to the object actually being matched by a big multi-part condition from one of the inner condition definitions, where the object being matched by a subcondition is likely not the same object being matched by the outer condition.

LocalCandidate refers to the object being matched in whatever condition it is directly in - the Construction meter condition in this case. This gives a way to refer to the object being matched by the current condition, regardless of what other conditions are matching outside or inside the current condition.

The RootCandidate and LocalCandidate may be used with the same types of variable references as for Source and Target.

For the EffectGroups in Techs, the Location specification, BuildTime value and BuildCost value for content such as a BuildingType, ShipHull or ShipPart, the context Source is the EmpireSource for the empire currently under consideration; this is its Capital planet if it has one, otherwise some other object owned by the empire. The Target in this context is the potential production location (planet) for which the Location, BuildTime or BuildCost is being evaluated.

For the Location specification for Specials, Source and Target are not set, but the LocalCandidate and RootCandidate references may be used.

For EmpireStatistic ValueRefs, the scripting context only has a Source, which is the EmpireSource mentioned above.

Free/Independent Variables

There are some variables that may be used without referring directly to the Source, Target or candidate objects. The current free variables that may be referenced are those specifying the galaxy setup conditions, and one which provides the current game turn. These currently all provide an integer result. For galaxy setup variables, their underlying type is generally a specialized enumeration which for this purpose gets mapped to an integer corresponding to the order they get listed in the GalaxySetup screen. For example, most galaxy setup variables work with range [None, Low, Medium, High], which gets mapped to [0, 1, 2, 3]. (Many of those variables drop the None value, and so have a range of 1-3.) Current Max AI Aggressions range from 0 to 5. The current list of free variables is:

Value                   (various, see below)
GalaxySeed              string
CurrentTurn             int
GalaxyAge               int
GalaxyMaxAIAggression   int
GalaxyMonsterFrequency  int
GalaxyNativeFrequency   int
GalaxyPlanetDensity     int
GalaxyShape             int
GalaxySize              int
GalaxySpecialFrequency  int
GalaxyStarlaneFrequency int
UniverseCentreX         double
UniverseCentreY         double

Complex Variables

These variables are for values which need more than one parameter. These need at least one extra parameter to distinguish the right value and can not directly be accessed from an object. Instead you typically pass also the object ID (e.g. Source.ID, Target.DesignID) as parameter.

PartsInShipDesign name = "PART_NAME" design = DESIGN_ID

Returns the count of ship parts with the part name PART_NAME which are part of the ship design with the id DESIGN_ID. Will return zero if no such design exists or no such parts exist in the design.

SpecialAddedOnTurn name = "SPECIAL_NAME" object = ID

Returns the turn in the Special with the name SPECIAL_NAME was attached to the object ID. Will return zero if no such object exists or no such special was attached to the object (Note: this should be changed to a maximum turn number so SpecialAddedOnTurn <= CurrentTurn will be false if no special was attached to the object).

SpecialCapacity name = "SPECIAL_NAME" object = ID

Returns the capacity of the Special with the name SPECIAL_NAME attached to the object ID. Will return zero if no such object exists or no such special was attached to the object.

ShipPartMeter part = "PART_NAME" meter = METER_TYPE object = SHIP_ID 

Returns the part meter value of a ship (as double). The meter value of the meter type METER_TYPE for the part with name PART_NAME of the ship with the id SHIP_ID. Note you can use Value(ShipPartMeter) to get the immediate/non-initial value. Will return 0.0 if the ship does not exist, the ship design does not have such a part, or the part class does not have this kind of meter associated.

Parameter Types:

METER_TYPE meter type enum - one of Capacity, MaxCapacity, SecondaryStat, or MaxSecondaryStat
*NAME string_constant
*ID int_constant - the object identifier

Object Attributes

Object attributes are variables that are properties of the Source, Target, LocalCandidate, or RootCandidate objects.

List

Here is a (currently incomplete) list of the attributes available (but not necessarily currently used in-game), and their types (more on types later):

Industry                  double
TargetIndustry            double
Research                  double
TargetResearch            double
Trade                     double
TargetTrade               double
Construction              double
TargetConstruction        double
Population                double
TargetPopulation          double
TargetHappiness           double
Happiness                 double
MaxFuel                   double
Fuel                      double
MaxShield                 double
Shield                    double
MaxDefense                double
Defense                   double
MaxTroops                 double
Troops                    double
RebelTroops               double
MaxStructure              double
Structure                 double
Supply                    double
Stealth                   double
Detection                 double
BattleSpeed               double
StarlaneSpeed             double
TradeStockpile            double
X                         double
Y                         double
SizeAsDouble              double
NextTurnPopGrowth         double
Size                      double
DistanceFromOriginalType  double
PlanetSize                PlanetSize +
PlanetType                PlanetType +
PlanetEnvironment         PlanetEnvironment +
ObjectType                UniverseObjectType +!
StarType                  StarType +
Name                      string
Species                   string
BuildingType              string
Focus                     string
PreferredFocus            string
Owner                     int ++
ID                        int +++
CreationTurn              int
Age                       int
ProducedByEmpireID        int
DesignID                  int ++++
FleetID                   int
PlanetID                  int
SystemID                  int
FinalDestinationID        int
NextSystemID              int
PreviousSystemID          int
NumShips                  int
LastTurnBattleHere        int
LastTurnActiveInBattle    int
Orbit                     int
Species                   int
TurnsSinceFocusChange     int


+ The valid values for these types are listed after the corresponding conditions below. These values may change however, so for the most up-to-date list, it may be necessary to consult the FreeOrion source code.
++ Owner will return -1 if there are no owners (such as for a roaming space monster or unexplored system)
+++ This is the unique integer ID used to identify an object internally within FreeOrion.
++++ This is the unique integer ID used to identify a ship design.
! The types returned by ObjectType have some overlap. For instance, a Planet is also a PopCenter and a ProdCenter. In this case, Planet is returned before PopCenter or ProdCenter, since if you see a Planet, you know it is a ProdCenter, but seeing a ProdCenter, you have no idea if it is a Planet or something else that produces goods or resources, for instance a mining outpost. This principle guides the order in which type is determined when ObjectType is used.

Value

As a special case, there is a utility variable available that is used like a free variable, but actually refers to what is being modified by an effect:

Value                 double, int, string, PlanetSize, PlanetType, StarType

The value of "Value" is the initial value (before the current effect acts) of whatever is being set. For example, in a SetStealth effect, "Value" would return the same as "Target.Stealth". For SetPlanetType, "Value" would return the same as "Target.PlanetType".

The type returned by "Value" depend on the type of effect in which it is used. For meter-setting effects Value will be a double. For SetPlanetSize, it will be a PlanetSize, and similarly for PlanetType, PlanetEnvironment, StarType. For setting a planet's species, Value will be a string.

Statistics

Statistics are values calculated from a sampling of objects in the game universe, which may or may not include the Source and Target objects.

List

The available statistical calculations that can be performed on the property values of objects matching the sampling condition are:

If                 - Returns 1 if at least one object matches the selection condition, or 0 otherwise
Count              - Returns the number of objects that match the selection condition
UniqueCount        - Returns the number of unique values of the property are present among objects that match the selection condition
Sum                - Returns the sum of property values of objects that match the selection condition
Mean               - Returns the arithmetic mean of property values
RMS                - Returns the square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of the property values
Mode               - Returns the most common property value
Max                - Returns the largest property value
Min                - Returns the smallest property value
Spread             - Returns the difference between the largest and smallest property values
STDEV              - Returns the standard deviation of the property values
Product            - Returns the product of multiplying all the property values together

Mode may be used for any type of parameter, including enumerated types like PlanetSize and double or int or string. The other statistic types may be used only for parameters that are int or double. If and Count may be used without specifying a property value.

Use

Constants

In item descriptions, parameter values such as LOW, HIGH, or NUMBER may be simple numbers, like 5 or 10, in which case all objects with the appropriate meter are treated the same by Turn.

Variables

Parameter values may also be defined in terms of attributes (or "properties") of the Source, RootCandidate, LocalCandidate or Target object. In these cases, different objects may be differently matched or not, if the property used differs between them.

Object attributes can be referenced on the source or target object, but not alone. So "Source.ID" and "Target.PlanetSize" are legal variables, but "PlanetEnvironment" in isolation is not.

Parameter values may also be defined in terms of the free variables mentioned above that are not associated with a particular object. In this case, the variable name is used without any object reference; for example, "CurrentTurn" returns the current game turn.

Parameter values for meter-altering effects may also refer to "Value" which is equivalent to referring to the meter of the target object that is being altered, depending which meter-setting effect is being used.

In addition, an object's containing object, if one exists, may be used in a variable. For instance, if the source is a planet, "Source.System.StarType" represents the star type of the source's system. Planet may also be used in a similar fashion, as in "Target.Planet.PlanetEnvironment".

Nonsensical combinations of Target, Source, Planet, System, and the above attributes are allowed, but will always return 0 for numeric values, and a special value representing an invalid value for enumerated type values. The special invalid value is guaranteed not to match the value of any actual object.

For example, if the source object is a System, Source.System.StarType will always return an invalid Star Type.

Similarly, Target.System.Farming makes no sense (since farming meters meters exist for Planets but not Systems), and so will return the double value 0.0.

Statistics

Parameter values may also be defined in terms of statistics calculated from the gamestate. A statistic returns a value based on the specified property, calculation and a condition to select objects in the game Universe.

In any place where a constant or variable could be specified, a statistic may be used instead. The format for a statistic calculation is:

Statistic STATISTIC_TYPE value = VALUE condition = SAMPLING_CONDITION

For example, to calculate the sum of all planets' populations,

Statistic Sum value = LocalCandidate.Population condition = Planet

The result would return a double value, which will be used just as if a constant like 42.4 had been specified, or a variable like Target.Population had been specified.

Types

The "double" type listed above, is a double-precision floating point number, which is more or less any real number in the range [-10^300, 10^300]. The "int" type is an integer number, which is basically any whole number in the range [-2*10^9, 2*10^9]. The other types are enumerated types, with specific values. Each such value has a string associated with it, for instance the first valid StarType is Blue.

In the Conditions and Effects below, certain parameters have types. It is illegal to provide a parameter of the wrong type, and it will result in a thrown exception (a purposeful crash of FreeOrion). There is one major exceptions to this. It is legal to provide a int value for any parameter of any type. This is mainly to support easy expression syntax, which is the next thing that needs to be addressed.

Instead of providing a singe variable or constant value (such as 3.14, 5, or STAR_BLUE), you can instead provide an arithmetic expression. Legal expressions may contain parentheses, +, -, *, / and ^ (for exponentiation). The - operator can be binary as in "3 - 4", or unary as in "-Source.MaxHealth". Whitespace (spaces, tabs, and newlines) is ignored. Expressions may be arbitrarily complex. The type of the entire expression must match the type of the parameter for which it is intended. For instance, it is illegal to supply "1 + 3.14" as a value for an int-type parameter, since 3.14 is not an int. As mentioned before, though, it is legal to supply "STAR_BLUE + 1" as a value for a StarType parameter, since integers are always ok.

Note that since arbitrarily complex expressions are allowed in Effects, and multiple Effects may affect a single target in a single turn, the order in which the Effects are applied to the target may matter. For instance, if Effect A sets the current industry meter to "Target.Industry + 20", and Effect B sets the current industry meter to "Target.Industry * 3", the answer could be X * 3 + 20 or (X + 20) * 3, depending on the order of execution. To minimize this, and in keeping with the guidelines for Effects in general, such Effects should have small magnitude, which will make the problem largely disappear. For instance, if "Target.Industry + 3" and "Target.Industry * 1.05" are used instead, the difference between X * 1.05 + 3 and (X + 3) * 1.05 is a negligible 0.15.

Note that some of the parameters in the Conditions and Effects below ask for a certain type, sometimes a type-expression. Those parameters that do not explicitly allow type-expressions cannot handle them.

Value

The Value parameter for a statistic can be practically any kind of ValueRef, including complex expressions. The one exception that comes to mind is that attempting to use a statistic as the Value for another statistic has had parsing problems which may not yet be fully resolved.

Conditions

The syntax {a|b|c} below indicates a choice of values, exactly one of which must be selected. The brackets and vertical lines are not legal to use themselves.

{a|[a b c ...]} indicates that a single item may be specified ( a ), or multiple items in a list ( [a b c ...] ).

"low = ", "high = ", etc., indicates an *optional* parameter name. All parameters must appear in the order indicated, so the names are not necessary to indicate which value is meant for which parameter. The name may be included, however (except for with the And, Not and Or conditions, which do not have or allow such parameter names).

General

All

Matches all objects.


Source

Matches the Source object.


Target

Matches the target object of an effect. This can be used within effect definitions, but not within scope or activation condition definitions, as when those conditions are evaluated, the target object hasn't yet been determined.


Turn low = LOW high = HIGH

Matches objects if the current game turn is greater than or equal to LOW and less than HIGH.


NumberOf number = NUMBER condition = CONDITION

Matches at most NUMBER objects that match CONDITION. If fewer than NUMBER objects match CONDITION, all such objects are matched. If more than NUMBER objects match CONDITION, NUMBER such objects are randomly selected and matched.

MinimumNumberOf number = NUMBER sortkey = SORTKEY condition = CONDITION
MaximumNumberOf number = NUMBER sortkey = SORTKEY condition = CONDITION
ModeNumberOf    number = NUMBER sortkey = SORTKEY condition = CONDITION

These variants of NumberOf take a SORTKEY argument which is used to sort the objects matching the CONDITION before the elements get selected. The SORTKEY is a double valueref (e.g. such as LocalCandidate.Happiness). MinimumNumberOf will select and match (up to) NUMBER objects which have the smallest SORTKEY value of all matching objects. MaximumNumberOf will select and match (up to) NUMBER objects which have the highest SORTKEY value of all matching objects. ModeNumberOf will select and match (up to) NUMBER objects which have the most frequent values of all matching objects' SORTKEY values (e.g. you could a match a number of planets with the most common defense meter value).


Number low = LOW high = HIGH condition = CONDITION

Matches all objects if the number of objects that match CONDITION is greater than or equal to LOW and less than HIGH. Objects matched may or may not themselves match CONDITION.


Random probability = PROB

Matches objects with a probability of PROB. That is, objects have a probability of PROB of being matched.

Type

Building
Ship
Fighter
Fleet
Planet
PopulationCenter
ProductionCenter
System 

Matches objects with the indicated type.

Building / Special

Building name = {"NAME" | ["NAME0" "NAME1" "NAME2" ...]}

Matches buildings with the indicated name(s). NAME is as indicated in a particular building description, by: name = "NAME" or name = ["NAME0" "NAME1" "NAME2"] (etc.)


HasSpecial name = "NAME"

Matches objects that have the indicated special.

Containing Associations

Contains condition = CONDITION

Matches objects that contain one or more objects that match the indicated CONDITION


ContainedBy condition = CONDITION

Matches objects that are contained by one or more objects that match the indicated CONDITION


Enqueued type = {Building | Ship} name = "NAME" empire = EMPIRE low = LOW high = HIGH
Enqueued type = Ship design = DESIGNID low = LOW
Enqueued type = {Building | Ship} empire = EMPIRE high = HIGH
Enqueued low = LOW

Matches objects where the empire with the indicated id EMPIRE (or any empires if none is specified) have within the indicated range (LOW to HIGH inclusive) of the indicated type of production item with the indicated name or design ID (NAME or DESIGN ID) and TYPE (Building or Ship). The count used to assess LOW and HIGH takes into account the element blocksize.

Planet / Star

Planet type = {TYPE|[TYPE0 TYPE1 TYPE2 ...]}

Matches objects that are or are contained by planets that have the indicated type.

Types are:

Swamp
Toxic
Inferno
Radiated
Barren
Tundra
Desert
Terran
Ocean
Gaia
Asteroids
GasGiant


Planet size = {SIZE|[SIZE0 SIZE1 SIZE2 ...]}

Matches objects that are or are contained by planets that are the indicated size.

Sizes are:

Tiny
Small
Medium
Large
Huge
Asteroids
GasGiant


Planet environment = {ENV|[ENV0 ENV1 ENV2 ...]}

Matches objects that are or are contained by planets that have the indicated environment.

Environments are:

Uninhabitable
Hostile
Poor
Adequate
Good


HomeWorld
    name = {SPECIES|[SPECIES0 SPECIES1 ...]}     [optional -- may be left out]

Matches planets that are homeworlds to playable species. If no species are specified, the homeworld of any species will be matched.

SPECIES the name of a species in the game, as defined in a species definition file


Capital

Matches planets that are capitols of an (any) empire. Use in combination with OwnedBy for a specific empire's homeworld.


Star type = {TYPE|[TYPE0 TYPE1 TYPE2 ...]}

Matches objects that are or are contained by systems that have the indicated star type.

Types are:

Blue
White
Yellow
Orange
Red
Neutron
BlackHole

Infrastructure / Focus

Focus focus = {FOCUS|[FOCUS0 FOCUS1 FOCUS2 ...]}

Matches planets that have the indicated focus or any of the indicated foci.

FOCUS or FOCUS# are strings. Each species may have a different set of foci available, but typical focus options include "FOCUS_FARMING", "FOCUS_MINING", "FOCUS_INDUSTRY", "FOCUS_RESEARCH" and "FOCUS_TRADE"

To check if a given focus (FOCUS_RESEARCH in the below example) is simply available at a planet (even if not actually selected), the following check can be used:

 And [
     Planet
     Location type=Focus name = LocalCandidate.Species name = "FOCUS_RESEARCH"
 ]

MeterValue

TargetPopulation low = LOW high = HIGH
TargetIndustry low = LOW high = HIGH
TargetResearch low = LOW high = HIGH
TargetTrade low = LOW high = HIGH
TargetConstruction low = LOW high = HIGH
MaxFuel low = LOW high = HIGH
MaxShield low = LOW high = HIGH
MaxStructure low = LOW high = HIGH
MaxDefense low = LOW high = HIGH
Population low = LOW high = HIGH
Industry low = LOW high = HIGH
Research low = LOW high = HIGH
Trade low = LOW high = HIGH
Construction low = LOW high = HIGH
Fuel low = LOW high = HIGH
Shield low = LOW high = HIGH
Structure low = LOW high = HIGH
Defense low = LOW high = HIGH
Supply low = LOW high = HIGH
Stealth low = LOW high = HIGH
Detection low = LOW high = HIGH
Starlanespeed low = LOW high = HIGH
HasSpecialCapacity name = "SPECIAL_NAME" low = LOW high = HIGH
HasSpecialSinceTurn name = "SPECIAL_NAME" low = LOW high = HIGH

Matches objects with the appropriate meter values that are greater than or equal to LOW and less than or equal to HIGH. That is, LOW specifies the lowest allowed value of the meter, and HIGH specifies the highest allowed value. Either of the LOW and HIGH parameters may be omitted, in which case there is no limit on the meter value in that direction. For example, if only LOW is specified, there is no upper limit on the allowed meter value.

The HasSpecialCapacity uses the capacity meter of the special given as string name. The HasSpecialSinceTurn queries the turn a special was first set on an object.

Object Owner / Producer

OwnedBy affiliation = {EnemyOf|AllyOf|TheEmpire|AnyEmpire} [empire = EMPIRE]

Matches objects owned by (OwnedBy) an empire with the indicated affiliation to the indicated id EMPIRE. EMPIRE may be omitted with using AnyEmpire, which will match objects owned by any empire, regardless of what EMPIRE is specified (or not). Typically EMPIRE is specified as a function of an object, such as Source.Owner, however a constant integer such as 2 may also be specified.


OwnerFoodStockpile low = LOW high = HIGH
OwnerMineralStockpile low = LOW high = HIGH
OwnerTradeStockpile low = LOW high = HIGH

Matches objects with exactly one owner, whose owner's stockpile of the appropriate resource is greater than or equal to LOW and less than or equal to HIGH.


OwnerHasTech name = "NAME"

Matches objects with exactly one owner, whose owner has the tech NAME.

Note: This is useful for refinements of technologies, where a refinement tech is indicated by NAME in an effects group of the item being refined.


VisibleToEmpire empire = {EMPIRE|[EMPIRE0 EMPIRE1 EMPIRE2 ...]}

Matches objects that are visible to the indicated empire(s).


ProducedByEmpire empire = EMPIRE

Matches buildings or ships produced by the empire with id indicated by EMPIRE. Typically EMPIRE is specified as a function of an object, such as Source.Owner, however a constant integer such as 2 may also be specified. Note that ownership and who produced an object aren't necessary the same, particularly for buildings, which may be captured with planets from other empires.

Ship Design

Design name = "NAME"

Matches ships that have a design generated from the predefined designs in ship_designs/ or monster_designs/.

Design design = DESIGNID

Matches ships that have the specified ship design ID. Most likely this would be Source.DesignID

DesignHasHull name = "NAME"

Matches ships that have the indicated hull in their design.

DesignHasPart low = LOW high = HIGH name = "NAME"

Matches ships that have >= LOW and < HIGH of the part NAME in their design.

DesignHasPartClass low = LOW high = HIGH class = CLASS

Matches ships that have >= LOW and < HIGH of parts of the indicated PartClass in their design.

Armed

Matches ships that have weapons.

Monster

Matches space monsters.

Galaxy Map Position

WithinDistance distance = DISTANCE condition = CONDITION

Matches objects that are within the indicated Euclidean direct-line DISTANCE of any objects that matches CONDITION. The matched objects may or may not themselves match CONDITION.


WithinStarlaneJumps jumps = JUMPS condition = CONDITION

Matches objects that are within the indicated number of starlane jumps (crossings from one star to the next) of any objects that matches CONDITION. The matched objects may or may not themselves match CONDITION.


Stationary

Matches objects that are not moving. The only objects that move are fleets and ships. Objects are not stationary if they are going to move, so fleets ordered to move are not stationary, but fleets that arrive in a system are stationary on the turn after they arrive.

ResupplyableBy empire = EMPIRE

Matched objects should be in systems where the empire with id EMPIRE can provide fleet supply.

ResourceSupplyConnected empire = EMPIRE condition = CONDITION

Matched objects should be in systems connected by resource sharing lines for the empire with id EMPIRE to at least one object that matches the sub-condition CONDITION. Objects outside systems shouldn't be matched, regardless of whether they're on a starlane that is connected to an object that matched the sub-condition.

Conditional

Conditional conditions are variants of some kind of "if". The only conditional condition we have currently is OrderedAlternativesOf, in some cases one can use the If statistic in ValueRef statements to get conditional results.

The OrderedAlternativesOf provides the ability to conditionally match the objects of the first condition inside of it which matches at least one local candidate. An example from FT_HANGAR_1 (Note that COMBAT_TARGETS_VISIBLE_ENEMY has to be repeated inside each single tier condition)

    combatTargets = OrderedAlternativesOf [
        // Target Bombers and Heavy Bombers first
        And [
            [[COMBAT_TARGETS_VISIBLE_ENEMY]]
            Fighter
            Or [
               DesignHasPart name = "FT_HANGAR_3"
               DesignHasPart name = "FT_HANGAR_4"
            ]
        ]
        And [ [[COMBAT_TARGETS_VISIBLE_ENEMY]]  Fighter ]
        // if no fighters: target enemy ships
        And [ [[COMBAT_TARGETS_VISIBLE_ENEMY]]  [[COMBAT_TARGETS_NOT_DESTROYED_SHIP]] ]
    ]

Logical

Note: There are no optional "param =" indicators for And, Or, & Not.

And [CONDITION0 CONDITION1 CONDITION2 ...]
And [
 CONDITION0
 CONDITION1
 CONDITION2
]

Matches objects that match all of the indicated subconditions.


Or [CONDITION0 CONDITION1 CONDITION2 ...]
Or [
 CONDITION0
 CONDITION1
 CONDITION2
]

Matches objects that match at least one, or more, of the indicated subconditions.


Not CONDITION

Matches objects that do not match CONDITION.

Notes

Implicit ContainedBy

Some Conditions that match an object's containing object will be returned, even though they at first seem to be nonsensical. For instance, if the target object is a Planet, StarType will match the type of the System in which the target is located. This means that StarType will match all objects in all Systems with the given star type, and the Systems themselves. Similarly, all objects on all Planets (and the Planets themselves) that match a PlanetType, PlanetSize, or PlanetEnvironment will be matched. This has an important implication; if you want all Systems with blue stars, you should use

And [
  Star type = Blue
  System
]

If you want all Ships in Systems with blue stars, you should use:

And [ Ship Star type = Blue ]

And & Or Efficiency

The And and Or Conditions are designed to work as efficiently as possible, by only searching the objects that have not already been matched. So it is always best to put the most restrictive Condition first in an And Condition's list of subconditions.

For instance, if "Star type = Blue" matches about 1000 objects,

And [ Source Star type = Blue ]

will be about 1000 times faster than

And [ Star type = Blue Source ]

This is because the former only has to look at the match from Source to see if it also is (or is inside of) a blue-starred System, whereas that latter has to look through the 1000 matches of objects that are or are in blue-starred systems, to see if any of them also matches Source.

Effects

SetMeter

# on planets
SetTargetConstruction value = VALUE # not really in use
SetTargetHappiness value = VALUE
SetTargetIndustry value = VALUE
SetTargetPopulation value = VALUE
SetTargetResearch value = VALUE
SetTargetTrade value = VALUE # not in use
SetMaxDefense value = VALUE
SetMaxSupply value = VALUE
SetMaxStockpile value = VALUE
SetConstruction value = VALUE # not really in use
SetDefense value = VALUE
SetHappiness value = VALUE
SetIndustry value = VALUE
SetPopulation value = VALUE
SetResearch value = VALUE
SetSupply value = VALUE
SetTrade value = VALUE # not in use
SetSize value = VALUE
# on planets and ships
SetMaxShield value = VALUE
SetMaxTroops value = VALUE
SetDetection value = VALUE
SetShield value = VALUE
SetStealth value = VALUE
SetTroops value = VALUE
# on ships
SetMaxFuel value = VALUE
SetMaxStructure value = VALUE
SetFuel value = VALUE
SetSpeed value = VALUE
SetStructure value = VALUE

Param Type:

VALUE double

Sets the appropriate meter to VALUE.

  • If the target of the Effect does not have the requested meter, nothing is done.
  • Typically, meter-setting effects do so by adding or subtracting form the same meter value of the Target. For example,
SetTargetResearch Target.TargetResearch + 5

or

SetHealth Value - 10

The value "Value" always refers to the present value of the meter being set, allowing incremental changes to meter values without the cumbersome use of references to the Target such as "Target.FoodConsumption" (for the Target's food consumption meter) which would instead be just "Value" when using the SetFoodConsumption effect.

When a "max" (eg. MaxStructure) or "target" (eg. TargetPopulation) meter value, or another meter for which there is no associated "max" or "target" meter (eg. Stealth), the change is non-persistent. This means that every turn, the meter is reset to 0, and all effects must re-act on the meter for it to retain a consistent value. If on a subsequent turn, the effect does not at on that target, the meter value will return to its previous value (or whatever value all other effects acting on it produce).

When a meter (eg. Structure) has an associated "max" or "target" meter (eg. MaxStructure), the meter value IS persistent. Repeatedly applying the same effect every turn will accumulate. If an effect reduced an object's Health meter by -2 every turn, the 2nd turn would have a net -4 reduction, the 3rd turn would have a net -6 reduction, etc. If an effect alters such a meter once, then does not act again, the meter stays reduced, until other effects increase or decrease it, or it increases or decreases itself over time towards its associated target or max value.

SetShipPartMeter

Acting on ships:

SetMaxCapacity      (set capacity max meter)
SetMaxDamage        (set capacity max meter - this may do the wrong thing for hangar parts)
SetMaxSecondaryStat (set secondary capacity max meter)
SetCapacity         (set capacity meter)
SetDamage           (set capacity meter - this may do the wrong thing for hangar parts)
SetSecondaryStat    (set secondary capacity meter)

SetOwnerCapitol

SetOwnerCapitol

Sets the target object to be the capitol of its owner's empire. If the target is not a planet, or is not owned by a single empire, nothing is done.

SetPlanetType

SetPlanetType type = TYPE

Param Type:

TYPE PlanetType

Sets the planet type of the target to TYPE.

  • Has no effect on non-Planet targets.
  • Changing type from Asteroids or GasGiant to something else will also change its size to Tiny or Huge, respectively.
  • Changing type to Asteroids or GasGiant will also cause the size to change to Asteroids or GasGiant, respectively.

SetPlanetSize

SetPlanetSize size = SIZE

Param Type:

SIZE PlanetSize

Sets the planet size of the target to SIZE.

  • Has no effect on non-Planet targets.
  • Changing the size of a Asteroids or GasGiant planet will also change its type to Barren.
  • Changing size to Asteroids or GasGiant will also cause the type to change to Asteroids or GasGiant, respectively.

SetOwner

SetOwner empire = EMPIRE

Param Type:

EMPIRE int

Sets empire EMPIRE_ID as the owner of the target.

  • Has no effect if EMPIRE_ID was already the owner of the target object.

CreatePlanet

CreatePlanet type = TYPE size = SIZE

Param Types:

TYPE PlanetType
SIZE PlanetSize

Creates a new planet at the location of the target object. If the target object is not located in a system, nothing is done. If there are no free orbit slots at the target object's system, nothing is done.

CreateBuilding

CreateBuilding name = NAME

Param Types:

NAME string

Creates a new building at the location indicated by the target object. If the target object is not a planet, nothing is done.

CreateShip

CreateShip
    designname = "NAME"
    empire = EMPIREID
    species = "SPECIES"

ParamTypes

NAME string_constant
EMPIREID int_constant
SPECIES string_constant

Creates a new shipat the location of the target object. The design of the new ship is indicated by the NAME parameter, which looks up the design in premade_ship_designs.txt in the default folder. EMPIREID is the id of the empire who should own the newly created ship, which is probably the id of something related to the source or target objects. SPECIES is the name of the species which should crew the newly created ship, which can be something related to target or source objects, or an explicit species name.

Destroy

Destroy

Destroys the target object.

  • The Destroy effect will not destroy a System object, although any other objects in or outside a system can be destroyed.
  • Destroy effects are executed after all other effects.
  • Destroying a fleet will destroy its ships.
  • Destroying all the ships in a fleet will destroy the fleet.
  • Destroying a planet will destroy its buildings.

AddSpecial

AddSpecial name = "NAME"

Param Type:

NAME string_constant

Adds the Special with the name NAME to the target object.

  • Note that using a wrong NAME/a NAME for which no special is specified is possible but will lead to strange behaviours
  • You can retrieve the turn a Special was added using the SpecialAddedOnTurn complex variable

RemoveSpecial

RemoveSpecial name = "NAME"

Param Type:

NAME string_constant

Removes the Special with the name NAME to the target object.

  • Has no effect if no such Special was already attached to the target object.

SetSpecialCapacity

SetSpecialCapacity name = "NAME" capacity = NUMBER

Param Type:

NAME string_constant
NUMBER double (ValueRef)

Sets the capacity of Special with the name NAME to the given NUMBER.

  • Adds the Special if no such Special was already attached to the target object.
  • If such a Special was attached, this won't change the since turn value (queried by HasSpecialSinceTurn)
  • Object candidates can be filtered using the HasSpecialCapacity condition
  • The special's capacity value can be retrieved using the SpecialCapacity complex variable

SetStarType

SetStarType type = TYPE

Param Type:

TYPE StarType

Sets the star type of the target to TYPE.

  • Has no effect on non-System targets.

MoveTo

MoveTo location = CONDITION

Param Type:

LOCATION Condition

Moves the target object to the location of one of the objects matched by LOCATION

  • If no objects match the location condition, nothing is done.
  • If more than one object matches the location condition, one object is chosen by the condition
  • If the target object is a ship and the location object is a fleet or a ship (in a fleet) owned by the same empire, the ship is inserted into the fleet.
  • If the target object is a ship and the location is not a fleet into which the ship can be inserted, a new fleet is created for the ship a the new location.
  • If the target object is a ship and its location is the same system but not a different fleet, nothing is done and the ship is left in its original fleet.
  • If the target object is a fleet and its location is a fleet or ship outside a system, and a fleet is moved to or created at the target location, the fleet will be moving to the same system as the taget object fleet.
  • If the target object is a building and the location object is a planet or a building on a planet, the building is added to the planet.
  • If the target object is a building and the location is not a planet or on a planet, nothing is done.
  • If the target object is a planet and the location object is not a system or in a system, nothing is done.
  • If the target object is a planet and the location system has no empty orbit slots, nothing is done.
  • If the target object is a system, nothing is done.
  • Any target object moved to the location of a system will be inserted into that system.

Techs

GiveEmpireTech name = "NAME"
GiveEmpireTech name = "NAME" empire = EMPIRE

Param Type:

NAME string_constant
EMPIRE integer ID of empire (such as Target.Owner which is the default if this parameter is omitted).

GiveEmpireTech gives the indicated empire the indicated tech. After this, the result should be the same as if the empire had researched that tech.


SetEmpireTechProgress name = "NAME" progress = PROGRESS
SetEmpireTechProgress name = "NAME" progress = PROGRESS empire = EMPIRE

Param Type:

NAME string_constant
PROGRESS double
EMPIRE integer ID of empire

SetEmpireTechProgress sets the amount of research points (RP) the indicated empire has accumulated towards researching the indicated tech (limited to between 0 and the total RP cost of the tech).

Victory

Victory reason = "REASON"

Param Type

REASON string_constant

Victory causes the owner of the target object to win the game. Losing human players (which is any player who has not won on the turn a player wins) are ejected from the game. The string REASON is d_constantisplayed in a popup to all players, with the name of the winning empire inserted as the %1% parameter to the string.

AddStarlanes and RemoveStarlanes

AddStarlanes endpoint = CONDITION
RemoveStarlanes endpoint = CONDITION

Param Type

CONDITION condition

AddStarlanes adds starlanes between the target system and any system containing an object that matches CONDITION. RemoveStarlanes removes starlanes between the target system and any system containing an object that matches CONDITIONS. Adding a starlanes where one already exists, or removing a starlane wher none exists does nothing.

MoveTo

MoveTo destination = CONDITION

Param Type

CONDITION condition

MoveTo moves the target object to the location of the / one of the objects matched by the CONDITION parameter.

SetDestination

SetDestination destination = CONDITION

Param Type

CONDITION condition

SetDestination sets the travel route of the target fleet to be the shortest path for the target to move to an object that matches the CONDITION parameter. If multiple objects match CONDITION, one is chosen. If the target fleet can't move to the chosen object, nothing is done. The shortest path for the object may depend on the empire that owns it (if any).

SetAggression

SetAggressive
SetPassive

SetAggressive marks a fleet as aggressive, meaning it will block enemy supply, and engage any enemy fleets or planets in its system. SetPassive marks a fleet as passive, meaning it will not block supply or initiate combat. Remaining passive may be useful for staying hidden in a system (if stealthy) or to make non-aggressive monster types not attack player fleets.

SetSpecies

SetSpecies name = "NAME"

Param Type

NAME string_constant

SetSpecies sets the species of the target ship or planet to the indicated species NAME.

SetVisibility

The following details for this Effect correspond to the modifications currently proposed in PR 1764, please note some constraints/complications regarding priority and timing of evaluation as discussed in the PR.

SetVisibility {affilition = AFFILIATION} {empire = EMPIRE} visibility = VISIBILITY {condition = CONDITION}

Param Type

AFFILIATION optionally specifies an empire affiliation. Defaults to TheEmpire if an empire ID is specified, or AnyEmpire if no empire ID is specified.
EMPIRE optionally specifies an Int ValueRef specifying an empire ID, which is used with the affiliation to determine which empire's visibility/ies to set. Defaults to an invalid empire ID if none is specified, which will work with affiliations that aren't relative to a particular empire.
VALUEREF A Visibility type ValueRef, can include expressions like max(Value, V) where Value refers to the current visibility 
CONDITION optionally condition specifies the object(s) whose visibility is to be set. If no condition is specified, the effect target object's visibility is set.

Effect Evaluation & Application Ordering

Effects are evaluated and then applied while processing a FreeOrion turn. When this happens, all EffectsGroups' activation and scope conditions are evaluated before any effects are applied. The order of effects application is determined primarily by their specified Priority (beginning at 0), and for EffectsGroups sharing the same Priority number their secondary ordering is determined by their source/cause, as follows: effects from Species, then effects from Specials, then effects from Techs, then effects from Buildings, then effects from Ship Hulls, then effects from Ship Parts. The order of execution of Effects within these groups is deterministic, though not controllable. Multiple effects scripted into the same item will be evaluated in the order in which they appear.